Siffness matrices for axial and bending deformations of a beam having a rectangular cross sectional area of constant width and linearly varying thickness are developed. A consistant load vector for a uniformly distributed lateral load is also calculated, using the principal of potential energy. The matrices are used to obtain numerical results for a variety of beams with non-uniform thickness t...

The effect of lateral pressure on the wavelength response characteristics of a fiber Bragg grating embedded in a cylindrical package of silicone rubber has been investigated in this report. Due to high Poisson’s ratio (0.48) and low stiffness of silicone rubber, force applied in one direction will be efficiently transferred to the perpendicular direction also. A wavelength shift of more than 1 ...

BACKGROUND Elastic stable intramedullary nailing (ESIN) is accepted widely for treatment of diaphyseal femur fractures in children. However, complication rates of 10 to 50 % are described due to shortening or axial deviation, especially in older or heavier children. Biomechanical in vitro testing was performed to determine whether two modified osteosyntheses with end caps or a third nail could ...

The spatial resolution of atomic force microscopy (AFM) can be drastically increased by terminating the tip with a single carbon monoxide (CO) molecule. However, the CO molecule is not stiff, and lateral forces, such as those around the sides of molecules, distort images. This issue begs a larger question of how AFM can probe structures that are laterally weak. Lateral force microscopy (LFM) ca...

To adapt to novel unstable environments, the motor system modulates limb stiffness to produce selective increases in arm stability. The motor system receives information about the environment via somatosensory and proprioceptive signals related to the perturbing forces and visual signals indicating deviations from an expected hand trajectory. Here we investigated whether subjects modulate limb ...

Pile groups are designed to sustain complex loads in various engineering. During the design of a pile group, obvious group effect should be considered for closely spaced groups. However, by different scholars varies, which makes it hard engineers consider group. In this study, finite element (FE) method is proposed advance our understanding variations effects developed researchers, based on con...