In this study, we have investigated the effect of thermal aging on impact strength of Sn-Ag-Cu solder bumps in fluxless soldering process using formic acid atmosphere. We conducted impact tests on as-reflowed and thermally-aged solder bumps, which were fabricated on either formic acid atmosphere or a liquid flux. The results indicated that the morphology of the intermetallic compound layers in ...

The coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE) and the thermal conductivity are the two key parameters to consider when selecting a particular substrate material for a die bonding process. We will discuss here a model to determine the substrate material giving the best chip reliability expectations for GaAs and InP laser chips. In that respect, a comparison of the thermo-mechanical stresses induced...

“Sagging” of the palatal cusp upper second molars is a common finding observed during orthodontic treatment which may develop heavy balancing side contacts, have been found to be detrimental harmonious function masticatory system. Various modifications transpalatal arch (TPA) are advocated correct crossbite, but most them will utilize an additional step soldering wire attachment TPA. In this cl...

The aim of this study was to evaluate the fit between dental abutments and the metal framework of a 3-unit fixed prosthesis screwed to two implants to determine whether sectioning and soldering of the framework are in fact necessary procedures. The study was based on a model of a metal framework of a 3-unit prosthesis screwed to two implants. A total of 18 metal frameworks were constructed and ...

The article describes a mathematical model of temperature changes in the soldering iron an automated installation used terminal glass heating system created for automotive manufacturers. effect changing shape welding machine on distribution has been studied. results were compared with experimental data

We show that the recently developed soldering formalism in the Lagrangian approach and canonical transformations in the Hamiltonian approach are complementary. The examples of gauged chiral bosons in two dimensions and self-dual models in three dimensions are discussed in details.