Subproject 2 consisted of three sets of studies that focused on the transfer of language skills in Spanish-speaking English language learners (ELLs). The first two sets of studies followed students across multiple years, examining the cross-linguistic, intra-linguistic and developmental factors that influence second language literacy development. The third set of studies was an intervention des...

A traditional transfer system in machine translation maps between language structures and an intermediate representation. Our connectionist transfer system maps from f-structures of one language to f-structures of another language. It encodes the intermediate representation implicitly in neural networks' activation patterns. The system is learnable, therefore it does not need any e ort in handc...

There is convincing empirical evidence for bidirectional transfer between music and language, such that experience in either domain can improve mental processes required by the other. This music-language relationship has been studied using linear models (e.g., comparing mean neural activity) that conceptualize brain activity as a static entity. The linear approach limits how we can understand t...

1. Introduction The dominant strategy currently employed in machine translation (MT) is transfer: 1 Under this strategy, the MT system derives an abstract representation of the source language text; this representation is then transferred into a corresponding abstract representation formed in terms of the target language, which is subsequently realised in the target language proper. At each sta...

Right hemisphere language dominance is rare in right-handed individuals and usually the result of language transfer associated with early left hemisphere pathology. We studied a 33-year-old right-handed man, with a normal MRI scan, who developed left frontal lobe seizures at age 15 years. Language lateralization testing by intracarotid amobarbital injection and dichotic listening showed the pat...