this study examined the effects of task complexity on written narrative production under different task complexity conditions by efl learners at different proficiency levels. task complexity was manipulated along robinson’s (2001b) proposed task complexity dimension of here-and-now (simple) vs. there-and-then (complex) in. accordingly, three specific measures of the written narratives were targ...

In this study, we assessed metacognition in nonnative language speech perception and production. Spanish novice learners of French identified produced the vowel contrast /ø/–/œ/ and, on each trial, rated their confidence responses. Participants’ predicted identification accuracy, suggesting that learners’ metacognitive skills are efficient at onset learning. However, participants’ production di...