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Translating and translation are transformed with Information and Communication Technology (ICT). Within three decades, a new work environment is shaking up the translator’s world. New types of translators are emerging. The balance between supply and demand is changing. However, we need adequate tools and methods to investigate the new hierarchy which has become established between translators, ...

the author in this research has tried to link the alexander pattern language theory, which is based on human oriented and spatial factors, to landscape design, which could come to a cyclic model of “a pattern language for landscape design” in iranian schools of architecture. so, a landscape design process based on the value of human-oriented approach, which is extracted from other values, and t...

Eliminating the “divergence problem” at Alaska’s northern treeline M. Wilmking and J. Singh Institute of Botany and Landscape Ecology, Grimmer Strasse 88, Greifswald University, 17487 Greifswald, Germany Received: 3 June 2008 – Accepted: 5 June 2008 – Published: 11 June 2008 Correspondence to: M. Wilmking ([email protected]) Published by Copernicus Publications on behalf of the Europea...

Objective: Provide a basic understanding of concepts related to scale to serve as a foundation for understanding landscape ecology topics. Clarify commonly misused terms and concepts. Highlight importance of considering scale in resource management planning and analyses.

Graph or image pyramids can be used for hierarchical partitioning of images. One related application area is the automatical determination of landscapes in Landscape Ecology. The visualization of graph pyramids facilitates studies about their structure, such as their vertex distribution or height in relation of a specific input image. Thus, a researcher can debug algorithms and ask for statisti...

We present a consistent model for artistic media reproduction in 3D scene renderings and animations. Artistic media reproduction can be defined as a media model (such as brush, pencil, ink) and a support (such as canvas and papers). We create a surface grain according to the object geometry and apply it as additional material properties. Furthermore, we propose to use the abstraction of obtaine...

The exchange of carbon dioxide between wet arctic tundra and the atmosphere at the Lena River Delta, Northern Siberia L. Kutzbach, C. Wille, and E.-M. Pfeiffer Alfred Wegener Institute for Polar and Marine Research, Research Unit Potsdam, Telegrafenberg A43, 14473 Potsdam, Germany University of Hamburg, Institute of Soil Science, Allende-Platz 2, 20146 Hamburg, Germany now at: Ernst Moritz Arnd...

Eliminating the “divergence problem” at Alaska’s northern treeline M. Wilmking and J. Singh Institute of Botany and Landscape Ecology, Grimmer Strasse 88, Greifswald University, 17487 Greifswald, Germany Received: 3 June 2008 – Accepted: 5 June 2008 – Published: 11 June 2008 Correspondence to: M. Wilmking ([email protected]) Published by Copernicus Publications on behalf of the Europea...

Viet Nam’s landscape is constantly changing as land use changes. Sometimes the resources base benefits where forests are protected and allowed to regenerate naturally, bare land is reforested, or where swidden land is converted to more intensive agriculture. Sometimes resources are lost where forests are exploited for timber, cleared for agricultural or grazing, or burnt by spreading wildfires.