We determined the mechanisms underlying host selection by adults of the seabuckthorn carpenterworm, Holcocerus hippophaecolus Hua, Chou, Fang et Chen. Four sea buckthorn (Hippophae rhamnoides L.) subspecies (varieties) with different degrees of resistance to H. hippophaecolus were chosen for artificial insect infection in cages. The results showed that olfactory and visual cues are very importa...

Future lunar missions ask for the capability to perform precise Guidance, Navigation and Control (GNC) to the selected landing sites on the lunar surface. This paper studies the guidance issues for the lunar pinpoint soft landing problem. The primary contribution of this paper is the design of descent guidance law based on the Pontryagin maximum principle. The simulation shows that the proposed...

Landing is a common movement task used in investigating impact attenuation and mechanisms of impact related lower extremities injury [1-5]. In the literature, there is limited biomechanical information regarding the relationship between eccentric strength of lower extremities and impact related biomechanics in landing. It is still unclear what roles of lower extremity eccentric strength plays i...

Recent studies have focused on gender differences in movement patterns as risk factors for ACL injury. Understanding intrinsic and extrinsic factors which contribute to movement patterns is critical to ACL injury prevention efforts. Isometric lower-extremity muscular strength, anthropometrics, and jump-landing technique were analyzed for 2,753 cadets (1,046 female, 1,707 male) from the U.S. Air...

PURPOSE Risk factors associated with a clinical presentation of patellar tendinopathy are patellar tendon ultrasonographic abnormality (PTA) and excessive loading. It remains unknown whether characteristics of an athlete's landing technique contribute to this excessive patellar tendon loading. This study investigated whether asymptomatic athletes with and without PTA had different landing strat...

Simulation and the resulting prediction of the dynamic behavior of an aircraft and its landing gear system during ground maneuvers is an essential part in the design process. A realistic estimation of unwanted oscillations, such as gear walk and shimmy, for the landing gear and whole aircraft can be readily obtained with an MBS-model. It is then possible to adjust the model for changes in the s...

This paper presents an intelligent control scheme that uses a cerebellar model articulation controller (CMAC) and genetic algorithms (GA) in aircraft automatic landing control and to make automatic landing systems (ALS) more intelligent. The proposed intelligent controller can act as an experienced pilot and guide the aircraft to a safe landing in severe turbulence environment. Current flight c...

The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of a neuromuscular training (NMT) program on lower-extremity biomechanics in youth female netball athletes. The hypothesis was that significant improvements would be found in landing biomechanics of the lower-extremities, commonly associated with anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury, following NMT. Twenty-three athletes (age = 12.2 ± 0.9 y...

Of all the flight modes of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs), the landing approach and the landing itself are the most difficult and dangerous ones. To perform an automatic landing on a ship deck using a computer vision system (CVS), a UAV must analyze the visual landing markers located on the deck. When the UAV is about to start landing, these markers must be clearly visible and discernible. The...

Anurans use a saltatorial (jumping) mode of locomotion. A jumping cycle can be divided into four subphases: propulsion, flight, landing and recovery. We studied the landing phase during locomotion in Rana esculenta by measuring the ground reaction forces during propulsion and landing over a range of distances. Landing performance affects locomotor ability in jumping frogs. Landing and recovery ...