Understanding of hydrological processes, including consideration of interactions between vegetation growth and water transfer in the root zone, underpins efficient use of water resources in arid-zone agriculture. Water transfers take place in the soil-plant-atmosphere continuum, and include groundwater dynamics, unsaturated zone flow, evaporation/transpiration from vegetated/ bare soil and surf...

BACKGROUND Advances in embryo culture technology and cryopreservation have led to a shift in in vitro fertilization (IVF) from early fresh or frozen-thawed cleavage embryo transfer to fresh or frozen-thawed blastocyst stage transfer. OBJECTIVE To compare the clinical outcomes of fresh embryo transfers and frozen-thawed embryo transfers. MATERIALS AND METHODS In this retrospective case contr...

resin transfer molding (rtm) is a composite manufacturing process. a preformed fiber is placed in a closed mold and a viscous resin is injected into the mold. in this paper, a model is developed to predict the flow pattern, extent of reaction and temperature change during filling and curing in a thin rectangular mold. a numerical simulation is presented to predict the free surface and its inter...

Agroecological transitions in the Global North are inhibited by cultural and legal norms of a ‘ownership model’ property that underpins agrarian capitalism. The resulting system limits asset transfers to agroecological regimes co-produces technologically oriented reforms. Scotland’s land reforms emergent interventions reshape ownership within Western context. By examining manoeuvres, mobilizing...

Abstract Institutionalized conditional cash transfer (CCT) programs may affect pre-existing, informal safety nets such as inter-household transfers and trust among community members. This study reports on a randomized controlled trial used to test the impact of CCTs various measures within communities in Tanzania. It provides evidence that introduction CCT program increased beneficiaries’ other...

a r t i c l e i n f o The forest sector can contribute to atmospheric greenhouse gas reduction, while also providing other environmental, economic, and social benefits. Policy tools for climate change mitigation include carbon-related payment programs as well as laws and programs to impede the loss of agricultural and forest lands to development. Policy makers will base their expectations of th...

China's water resources are under increasing pressure from socioeconomic development, diet shifts, and climate change. Agriculture still concentrates most of the national water withdrawal. Moreover, a spatial mismatch in water and arable land availability--with abundant agricultural land and little water resources in the north--increases water scarcity and results in virtual water transfers fro...