INTRODUCTION Based on literature review, a positive lactulose breath test (LBT) for small intestinal bacterial overgrowth requires an initial peak value of hydrogen within 100 minutes of lactulose ingestion with a second peak before 180minutes. However, using scintigraphic monitoring of lactulose transit time, mean oral-cecal arrival time has been reported as 73minutes. The goal was to propose ...

Introduction. Gastrocecal transit time (GCTT) can be measured by exhaled hydrogen after lactulose intake (lactulose-eH2 test). The objectives were to assess whether it is possible to carry out this test in critically ill children with and without mechanical ventilation (MV) and to analyze whether the results are consistent with clinical findings. Methods. Patients admitted to the Pediatric Inte...

The excretion ratio of lactulose/mannitol in urine has been used to assess the extension of malabsorption and impairment of intestinal permeability. The recovery of lactulose and mannitol in urine was employed to evaluate intestinal permeability in children with and without diarrhea. Lactulose and mannitol probes were measured using high-performance liquid chromatography with pulsed amperometri...

Determination of intestinal permeability by measuring nonmetabolized sugars has been used to assess the integrity of intestinal mucosa. We have developed and validated a modified HPLC method for determining the concentration of L-rhamnose, mannitol, and lactulose in urine, using an amine-modified silica column and refractive index detection. Probe sugars are simultaneously resolved within 18 mi...

The two genes lacZ1 and lacZ2 from Klebsiella pneumoniae 285, encoding β-galactosidase isoenzymes II and III (KpBGase-II and -III), were each cloned downstream of a T7 promoter for expression in Escherichia coli BL21(DE3), and the resulting recombinant enzymes were characterized in detail. The optimum temperature and pH value of KpBGase-II were 40 °C and 7.5, and those of KpBGase-III were 50 °C...

One of the causes of neonatal hyperbilirubinemia is increased reabsorption of bilirubin from meconium in the gastrointestinal tract. This occurs when the conjugated bilirubin which is excreted into the colon is 'unconjugated by beta glucuronidase activity, present in the neonatal intestine, which hydrolyzes bilirubin diglucuronide into unconjugated bilirubin, which subsequently is reabsorbe...

OBJECTIVE To evaluate the clinical efficacy of lactulose in patients with minimal hepatic encephalopathy (MHE). METHODS Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) comparing lactulose with placebo or with no intervention in the management of MHE that were conducted from January 1990 to July 2011 were searched from MEDLINE, EMBASE, SCI, Cochrane Controlled Trials Register, and China Biological Medicin...

BACKGROUND Constipation is a common complaint in adults. Lactitol is an osmotic disaccharide laxative that increases fecal volume and stimulates peristalsis. In this paper, we present the first meta-analysis on the efficacy and tolerance of lactitol for adult constipation. METHODS We searched MEDLINE(®) and Embase, with no date or language restrictions, for studies of lactitol supplementation...

The effects of a chronic load of nonabsorbable sugars on intracolonic bacterial metabolism of carbohydrates and on H2 breath excretion are disputed. However, most of the discussion relies on indirect evidence or on results of in vitro studies. Thus, we attempted to assess directly and in vivo the effects on intracolonic metabolism of lactulose of a chronic oral load of this nonabsorbable disacc...