The present studies were designed to further investigate the possibility of heterogeneity of nephron function during Ringer loading in the rat, and to determine the specific nephron segment responsible for this finding. As in previous studies from this laboratory with smaller rats (50-125 g), net addition of sodium between late distal tubule and papillary base (6.9 vs. 10.4% of the filtered loa...

1. Using cyclic AMP to stimulate perfused tsetse fly Malpighian tubules bathed in SO42- Ringer frequently causes an immediate but transient peak in transtubular potential (Vt), before stabilisation of Vt at an increased value. 2. These transients were investigated by monitoring the associated changes in cable properties and current­voltage (I/V) relationships. Tubules were perfused and bath...

Repeated measures of wavefront aberrations were taken along the line-of-sight of seven eyes using two instruments: an objective, cross-cylinder aberroscope (OA) and a Shack-Hartmann (SH) aberrometer. Both instruments were implemented on the same optical table to facilitate interleaved measurements on the same eyes under similar experimental conditions. Variability of repeated measures of indivi...

BACKGROUND Excessive production of matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP-9) is linked to tissue damage and anastomotic leakage after large bowel surgery. Hence, the aim of this study was to verify whether different strategies of fluids administration can reduce MMP-9 expression. METHODS In the in vitro experiment, the authors tested the hypothesis of a direct inhibition of MMP-9 by the fluids used ...

BACKGROUND Severe extremity wounds with vascular injury are common in military trauma, and tourniquets are commonly used for hemorrhage control. The complications of tourniquet use in the setting of trauma are not well studied. This study investigated the combined effect of hemorrhagic shock and fluid resuscitation with Hextend (HX; BioTime, Inc) or lactated Ringer's (LR) on skeletal muscle sub...

In the negative EOG-generating process a cation which can substitute for Na(+) was sought among the monovalent ions, Li(+), Rb(+), Cs(+), NH(4) (+), and TEA(+), the divalent ions, Mg(++), Ca(++), Sr(++), Ba(++), Zn(++), Cd(++), Mn(++), Co(++), and Ni(++), and the trivalent ions, Al(+++) and Fe(+++). In Ringer solutions in which Na(+) was replaced by one of these cations the negative EOG's decre...

The electrical properties of the frog taste cells during gustatory stimulations with distilled water and varying concentrations of NaCl were studied with intracellular microelectrodes. Under the Ringer adaptation of the tongue, two types of taste cells were distinguished by the gustatory stimuli. One type, termed NaCl-sensitive (NS) cells, responded to water with hyperpolarizations and responde...

Glutathione and adenosine can safely be omitted from glutathione-bicarbonate-Ringer solution (GBR) which is used as an irrigating solution during vitrectomy, without significant reduction in the solution's efficacy or increase in corneal toxicity. Bicarbonate appears to be an essential ingredient and should not be omitted from the Ringer solution.

INTRODUCTION Postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV) is the most common and unpleasant postoperative complication. There is much controversy on preoperative fluid therapy. The aim of this study was to examine the effect of crystalloid fluid (Ringer solution) versus colloid (Haemaccel solution) on the incidence of postoperative nausea and vomiting in patients receiving spinal anesthesia. METH...