The educational gender gap has closed or reversed in many countries. But what of gendered labour market inequalities? Using micro-level census data for some 40 countries, the authors examine the labour force participation gap between men and women, the “marriage gap” between married and single women’s participation, and the “motherhood gap” between mothers’ and nonmothers’ participation. They f...

This study examines the impact of public spending on Early Childhood Education and Care (ECEC) on age 15 achievement using PISA 2012 data. In order to estimate the causal effect of ECEC spending on student test scores, we follow a cross-country instrumental variable approach. Our identification strategy exploits between country variation in effect of World War 2 (WW2) on female labour force par...

This paper creates a pseudo cohort of individuals who left school in the mid-1990s, using Labour Force Survey. The extent of low achievement at school amongst this group is documented, and then the impact of such low achievement on labour force status is estimated. The main focus of the paper is then to investigate to what extent unqualified school leavers can improve their labour market status...

We examine the impact of several chronic diseases on the probability of labour force participation using data from the Australian National Health Surveys. An endogenous multivariate probit model is used to account for the potential endogeneity of the incidence of chronic conditions such as diabetes, cardiovascular diseases and mental illnesses. The cross-equation correlations are significant, r...

For the past two years, France has enjoyed fertility rates approaching replacement level, with a total fertility rate of 1.98 in 2006 and 2.00 in 2008. After a ten-year period of slow growth, the fertility rate has thus reached its highest level in about thirty years (Prioux, 2007), placing France in top position among European and other OECD countries. However, this high level of fertility is ...

in the recent decade, supply of labour force has increased which may causes theovereducation. overeducation is potentially costly for any economy. in this study,we examine the effective factors on overeducation, undereducation and returns ofyears of schooling, by using the mean realized match method, over iscoclassification data from household socio-economic survey in year 2003 usinglogit,mince...

The extent and nature of participation in the labour market by persons affected by disability has a multitude of direct and indirect effects on their living standards and quality of life, and so is a critical area for investigation and policy concern. This paper seeks to quantify the effects of disability on labour force participation in Ireland for the first time. Using data from the Living in...

Arlie Russell Hochschild’s (1983) The Managed Heart: Commercialization of Human Feeling, documents the institutionalization of emotion. While the teaching profession is not prominently featured in The Managed Heart, teachers offer a compelling example of institutionalized emotion. Not only is emotional labour expected of teachers, but teachers are a significant force in the reproduction of emot...

This article focuses on how receiving societies’ structural and institutional characteristics affect immigrants’ labour market performance and progress. Using German census data for 1996 and 2000, and Israeli labour force surveys for the same years, the article compares patterns of self-selection and labour market integration of Jewish immigrants from the former Soviet Union (FSU) in Israel and...

This paper considers labour supply and demand shocks in a simple flow model of the labour market. We consider the propagation of these shocks in a matching model with competition between various groups of job seekers. By way of simulations we explore the extent of labour market hysteresis arising from competition between unemployed job seekers and job seekers outside the labour force. The simul...