Abstract This exploratory study examined L2 Spanish learners’ tone choices and oral fluency when producing preferred dispreferred speech acts, specifically acceptances refusals. Participants were 27 college students enrolled in intermediate-level classes. They completed a video-based speaking task that elicited four refusals response to imaginary scenarios (two status-equal two status-unequal f...

This study investigated the long-term effectiveness of explicit versus implicit instruction in a classroom setting. The participants were 114 Dutch secondary school students learning English as an L2; control group received and intervention meaning-based context for two academic years. Instructional effects measured via timed writing task. products groups compared terms holistic quality, comple...

It is well established that people differ considerably in their ability to learn new languages, especially in the area of phonological processing. Recent research investigating individual differences in phonological processing suggest that factors other than well-studied predictors of success in L2 speech learning, such as age of onset of L2 learning or input quality and quantity, may be at the...

this case study was conducted to determine the benefits of a multi-dimensional study abroad program that included a community service component. it encompassed the following aspects of the study abroad experience: motivation for travel, language learning research, the role of autonomy in language learning, and cultural awareness, behaviors, and attitudes. the researcher acted as a participant a...

background alzheimer's disease (ad) is the most common type of dementia. patients with ad have impaired semantic knowledge of nouns and verbs as well as the ability to verb retrieval. objectives the aim of this study was to compare verbal fluency and verb fluency and to investigate the association between severity and types of fluency (verbal-verb) in patients with ad. patients and methods this...

Many English as a Foreign language (EFL) teachers think that target should be solely used medium of instruction to allow the learners immerse in language. However, learning process, learn about content and other cognitively-related skills such discussion, reasoning, evaluation complete tasks. Some tasks could more challenging understand, discuss, explain, or learners’ foreign because ...

This paper discusses the effects of oral repetition and practice in improving speech fluency for adult second language acquisition. The experiment examined the impact of practice on fluency in learning Japanese as a second language. The measures included read-aloud time and speech production time during sentence rehearsal. The results indicated gradual improvement of speech fluency as the numbe...

This study investigated the relationships between lower-level processing and general reading comprehension among adult L2 (second-language) beginning learners of Chinese, in both target and non–target language learning environments. Lower-level processing in Chinese reading includes the factors of character-naming accuracy, character-naming speed, and word segmentation accuracy. The results of ...