The effects of 5 factors (template DNA, Mg(2+), dNTPs, Taq DNA polymerase, and primer) on the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) were investigated to optimize the start codon targeted polymor-phism (SCoT)-PCR system of Dactylis glomerata L., using an orthogo-nal design L16 (4(5)). A suitable SCoT-PCR system for D. glomerata was established; the 20 μL reaction volume contained 3.0 mM Mg(2+), 0.2 mM...

This paper provides an explanation for an important institutional feature of staggered time-dependent adjustment rules assumed in a number of macroeconomic models. It identifies strategic complementarity as the crucial factor leading to nonsynchronized decisions in a game-theoretic framework. The paper first shows that nonsynchronization is the equilibrium outcome in an infinite-horizon game in...

Stages of Diversification in a Neoclassical World Recent research has documented a U-shaped industrial concentration curve over an economy’s development path. How far can neoclassical trade theory take us in explaining this pattern? We estimate the production side of the Heckscher-Ohlin model using industry data on 44 developed and developing countries for the period 1976-2000. Decomposing the ...

In economic development, structural change among the three main sectors of an economy accompanies with aggregate economic growth. Nevertheless the question whether economic growth causes structural change or change in the economic structure causes aggregate growth is still unanswered. To shed some more light on this issue, this study examines a Grangercausality test in a panel environment to de...

This paper studies the role of stabilization policy in a model where …rm entry responds to shocks and uncertainty. We evaluate stabilization policy in the context of a simple analytically solvable sticky price model, where …rms have to prepay a …xed cost of entry. The presence of endogenous entry can alter the dynamic response to shocks, leading to greater persistence in the e¤ects of monetary ...

Dehumidifier is the most important unit in liquid desiccant air conditioning system. This paper experimentally investigates the performance of an adiabatic dehumidifier using calcium chloride as a liquid desiccant. The dehumidifier inlet parameters namely desiccant flow rate, concentration, temperature, air humidity ratio and liquid to air flow rate ratio, each at four levels have been chosen a...

Many studies assume that the solar irradiance in the EUV can be decomposed into different contributions, which makes the modelling of the spectral variability considerably easier. We consider a different approach, in which these contributions are not imposed a priori but are effectively and robustly inferred from spectral irradiance measurements. This is a source separation problem with a posit...

Entry costs vary dramatically across countries. To assess their impact we construct a model with endogenous entry and operation decisions by …rms and calibrate it to match the U.S. distribution of …rms by size. Higher entry costs lead to greater misallocation of productive factors and lower TFP and output. In the model, countries in the lowest decile of the entry costs distribution have 1.35 to...

The rotor is one of the vital components a wind turbine. In design rotor, expected result most optimal power. This purpose study to optimization Horizontal Axis Wind Turbine power various parameters such as airfoil, angle attack, and pitch angle. Airfoils (NACA 4412-2412 T.E. mod, NACA 2412-4412 L.E. mod), attack (0, 2, 4, 6), 1, 3) are parameter variations used. simulation method uses BEM (Bla...