Mathematical modeling of growing multicellular structures creates the problem of solving systems of equations in which not only the values of variables, but the equations themselves, may change over time. We consider this problem in the framework of Lindenmayer systems, a standard formalism for modeling plants, and show how parametric context−sensitive L−systems can be used to numerically solve...

Recognizing naturally occurring objects has been a difficult task in computer vision. One of the keys to recognizing objects is the development of a suitable model. One type of model, the frattal, has been used successfully to model complex Fractals have also been used in computer vision, although not as widely, to model and recognize natural scenes [5, 6, 71. However, the use of fractal models...

that Empire, the Cartographer's art achieved such a degree of perfection that the Map of a single Province occupied an entire City, and the map of the Empire, an entire Province. In time, these vast Maps were no longer sufficient. The Guild of Cartographers created a Map of the Empire, which perfectly coincided with the Empire itself. But Succeeding Generations, with diminished interest in the ...

Lindenmayer systems (L-systems) were introduced by Aristid Lindenmayer to generate the geometrical structures, i.e. plant, leaf, or root structures. During the last decade in L-systems prototype, the plant growth has been animated by composing images from all iterations. The problem is the development of plant model at each time step is nonsmooth and discontinuous. In this paper, we solve this ...

In this paper, the simple eco-grammar systems with prescribed teams of ter Beek [2] are reconsidered. We show that limited L systems can be simulated by such systems. Furthermore, we introduce the concept of programming which is imposed upon the prescribed teams of the systems. Depending on the success of the application of a team to the actual state of the system, it is specified which teams a...

The paper shows t h a t t he s t a t e of a r t i n a r t i f i c i a l i n t e l l i g e n c e r e q u i r e s development of a s e m i o t i c system theory wh i ch shou ld p l a y i n t h i s f i e l d t he same r o l e t h a t was p l ayed by f o r m a l systems a t i t s i n i t i a l s t a g e s . Basic problems of s e m i o t i c model and systems t heo ry are d i scussed . I l l u s t r...

We show that, given an equation over a finitely generated free group, the set of all solutions in reduced words forms an effectively constructible EDT0L language. Thus, for each equation there is a construction of a Lindenmayer system which generates all solutions in reduced words. In particular, the set of all solutions in reduced words is an indexed language in the sense of Aho. The language ...

This paper revises a few existing methods for computing fractal dimensions, underlines their dependency on the graphical properties of the curves, and proposes and discusses a new method, based on the representation of fractals by means of Lindenmayer systems, that makes use of the structure of L systems to compute the fractal dimension. The method is implemented in Prolog, and its limitations ...

We present a lighting method for outdoor scenes with vegetation. The method is compatible with multiresolution trees generated using random L-systems. We include a sky dome model that gets the luminance and chromaticity values at several sampling points for different time and location. The samples are used to compute the light arriving to the objects in the scene depending on the insolation con...

The carved and painted decorations in traditional Batak houses and buildings, gorga, are the source of their exoticism. There are no identical patterns of the ornaments within Batak houses and the drawings are closely related to the way ancient Batak capture the dynamicity of the growing “tree of life”, one of central things within their cosmology and mythology. The survey of ornaments of Batak...