Carnosine is a dipeptide formed of the amino acids β-alanine and histidine. Only a limited number of studies have examined the effects of carnosine on sympathetic nerve activation and anxiety. The present study was undertaken to determine the dose-related effects of carnosine on anxiety in the elevated T-maze test (ETM) with electrodermal activity (EDA). Carnosine was injected in three groups o...

Creatine and carnosine have been considered as valuable nutraceuticals in meat products for a long time. Creatine as energy buffer plays an important role in cellular metabolism and shows protective effects in neurodegenerative diseases such as Parkinson’s disease and Huntington’s disease. Carnosine has multiple physiological functions associated with anti-oxidation and anti-aging. Although cre...

Carnosine is an endogenous dipeptide with antioxidant and scavenger properties, shown to prevent aging photoaging process by in vivo vitro models on different human tissues. Here advanced quantitative proteomic approach (high-resolution mass spectrometry network analyses) was applied a 3D scaffold-free dermal spheroids model investigate the biological responses induced carnosine dermis. Primary...

This review summarizes the data on anti-ischemic activity of carnosine. The pronounced anti-ischemic effects of carnosine in the brain and heart are due to the combination of antioxidant and membrane-protecting activity, proton buffering capacity, formation of complexes with transition metals, and regulation of macrophage function. In experimental cerebral ischemia, carnosine decreases mortalit...

Zinc (Zn) is abundantly present in the brain, and accumulates in the synaptic vesicles. Synaptic Zn is released with neuronal excitation, and plays essential roles in learning and memory. Increasing evidence suggests that the disruption of Zn homeostasis is involved in various neurodegenerative diseases including Alzheimer's disease, a vascular type of dementia, and prion diseases. Our and othe...

It has been reported that carnosine provide protection against various neurotoxic insults. In the previous study, we demonstrated that high dose morphine can induce apoptosis in PC12 cells possibly by the mitochondrial pathway through higher expression of Bax pro-apoptotic protein. The present study was designed to investigate the protective effect of carnosine on morphineinduced apoptotic deat...

OBJECTIVE This study was conducted to elucidate neuroprotective effect of carnosine in early stage of stroke. METHODS Early stage of rodent stroke model and neuroblastoma chemical hypoxia model was established by middle cerebral artery occlusion and antimycin A. Neuroprotective effect of carnosine was investigated with 100, 250, and 500 mg of carnosine treatment. And antioxidant expression wa...

The experiments of Bach and Langley (1) with frog muscle suspensions indicated that the carnosine of this tissue was freely diffusible upon dialysis of homogenates. On the other hand, Reddy and Hegsted (2) observed that the “debris” of rat skeletal muscle homogenates contained 43% of the total carnosine. This debris, representing material sedimented at 650 x g, still retained half of its initia...

Carnosine is a dipeptide of β-alanine and histidine amino acids. It is widely present in muscle and brain tissues. Carnosine has been demonstrated to be an antioxidant agent that is beneficial in animals. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) and aldehydes are are generated from membrane fatty acid oxidation. The antioxidant potential and toxicity of salsolinol had been extensively studied in vivo and ...

In this narrative review, we present and discuss the current knowledge available on carnosine and beta-alanine metabolism as well as the effects of beta-alanine supplementation on exercise performance. Intramuscular acidosis has been attributed to be one of the main causes of fatigue during intense exercise. Carnosine has been shown to play a significant role in muscle pH regulation. Carnosine ...