In this paper the security of the stream cipher Vesta-2M is investigated. Cryptanalytic algorithm is developed for a known plaintext attack where only a small segment of plaintext is assumed to be known. The complexity the attack is estimated the time of searching through the square root of all possible initial states.

Major characteristics Many autistic infants are different from birth. Two common characteristics they may exhibit include arching their back away from their caregiver to avoid physical contact and failing to anticipate being picked up (i.e., becoming limp). As infants, they are often described as either passive or overly agitated babies. A passive baby refers to one who is quiet most of the tim...

Without regular monitoring a rare species may slip into extinction unnoticed. We report a possible case from the Galápagos archipelago. The warbler finch (Certhidea fusca) has not been recorded by scientists on Isla Floreana in recent years, and we have been concerned about its status. On a two-day visit to prime habitat in the breeding season of 2004 we used playback of warbler finch song and ...

The concept of timed-released encryption with pre-open capability (TRE-PC) was introduced by Hwang, Yum and Lee. In a TREPC scheme, a message is encrypted in such a way that it can only be decrypted at a certain point in time or if the sender releases a piece of trapdoor information known as a pre-open key. This paper examines the security model for a TRE-PC scheme, demonstrates that a TRE-PC s...

This paper analyzes the security of amplitude encoding for double random phase encryption. We describe several types of attack. The system is found to be resistant to brute-force attacks but vulnerable to chosen and known plaintext attacks.

In this paper we describe the main ideas of a few versions of an algebraic known plaintext attack against AES-128. The attack could be applied under the hypothesis of knowing a part of the 16-bytes key. These attack versions are based on some specific properties of the key schedule, properties that allow splitting the keys space (2 keys) in subspaces based on some well-defined criteria. The pra...

In this paper, we describe a sequence of simple, yet efficient chosen-plaintext (or chosen-ciphertext) attacks against reduced-round versions of IDEA (with 2, 2.5, 3, 3.5, and 4 rounds) which compare favourably with the best known attacks: some of them decrease considerably the time complexity given the same order of data at disposal while other ones decrease the amount of necessary knownor cho...