This study presents a novel category of Transformer architectures known as comb transformers, which effectively reduce the space complexity self-attention layer from quadratic to sub-quadratic level. is achieved by processing sequence segments independently and incorporating X -word embeddings ...

This study examined the effectiveness of a map and a textual contents list on the navigation performance of subjects with and without prior knowledge of the text topic. After reading the text, subjects used the document to answer ten questions. The results showed that performance in the map condition was superior to that of the contents list condition, which in turn was superior to that of the ...

1 Deenitions Consider a distribution D on n bits x = x 1 x n. D is k-wise independent ii for all sets of k indices S = fi 1 x ik = a 1 a k ] = 1 2 k : The idea is that if we restrict our attention to any k positions in x, no matter how many times we sample from D, we cannot distinguish D from the uniform distribution over n bits. We can get a Fourier interpretation of k-wise independence by vie...

In this paper we investigate the extent to which Katz backoff language models can be compressed through a combination of parameter quantization (width-wise compression) and parameter pruning (length-wise compression) methods while preserving performance. We compare the compression and performance that is achieved using entropy-based pruning against that achieved using only parameter quantizatio...

background gigantomastia is a rare condition characterized by excessive breast growth and can be physically and psychosocially disabling for the patient. regarding management of gigantomastia, this study evaluates the outcomes of superomedial pedicle with vertical scar or wise pattern skin excision. methods a total of 425 patients who underwent reduction mammoplasty in our institution were revi...

Research Objectives: To find out the Communication between Leaders and Subordinates in Qur'an Surah An-Naml. Methods: Qualitative. Results: an-Naml verses seven to 40 of them teach us science communication. Starting from communication family leader his members, ant king people nation, / prophet Solomon with one troops, namely Hud-hud bird, queen Bilqis her ministers. Prophet Sulaiman subordinat...