Repeated administration of pentylenetetrazol (PTZ 30 mg/kg, thrice a week) to mice for 9 weeks and subsequent challenge of the animals with the same dose of PTZ on the last chronic dose produced chemical kindling. The mice showed myoclonic jerks, clonus, Straub’s tail, falling back response and full-blown convulsions. The anticonvulsant profile of chronic administration of BR16A (100 and 500 mg...

Introduction: Many studies have shown that amygdala kindling produces synaptic potentiation by induction of changes in the neuronal electrophysiological properties and inward currents both in epileptic focus and in the areas which are in connection with the epileptic focus and have important role in seizure development and progression such as hippocampal CA1 region. However, cellular mechani...

objective(s):a growing interest has recently been attracted towards the identification of plant-based medications including those with protective effects against cognitive impairment. sesamol has shown promising antioxidant and neuroprotective effects, therefore, we aimed to evaluate its therapeutic potential in epilepsy which is commonly associated with oxidative stress and cognitive impairmen...

Amygdala kindling is commonly used to study the mechanisms involved in epileptogenesis, with long-term amygdala kindling providing a useful model of the behavioural disturbances— such as heightened anxiety— that can occur between epileptic seizures. The purpose of this thesis was to determine whether increased fear behaviours exhibited by long-term amygdala kindled rats are reflective of previo...

Introduction: Application of low-frequency stimulation (LFS) is a new method for treatment of drug resistant epileptic patients. Previous studies demonstrated that activation of receptors coupled to Gi proteins is one of the mechanisms of the anticonvulsant effect of LFS. Thus, in this study, alterations in the expression of RGS4 and RGS10 proteins, as negative regulators of Gi proteins, wer...

PURPOSE Minocycline is known as a chemical with neuroprotective, anti-inflammatory, and antimicrobial properties. In this study, the effects of minocycline on seizures induced by amygdala kindling in rats were studied. METHODS Kindled Wistar rats were injected intraperitoneally with saline and, on the following day, with minocycline (50, 25, and 12.5mg/kg for the three groups (1-3), respectiv...

In order to investigate whether alcohol-withdrawal kindling is an irreversible process, male Wistar rats were exposed to 12 episodes, each consisting of 2 days of severe alcohol intoxication and 5 days of alcohol withdrawal. Spontaneous withdrawal seizures were found in 15% of the animals during episodes 10-12. After an alcohol-free period of 26 days, the animals were subjected to three more ep...

Synaptic vesicle glycoprotein 2A (SV2A) is a prototype synaptic vesicle protein regulating action potential-dependent neurotransmitters release. SV2A also serves as a specific binding site for certain antiepileptics and is implicated in the treatment of epilepsy. Here, to elucidate the role of SV2A in modulating epileptogenesis, we generated a novel rat model (Sv2a(L174Q) rat) carrying a Sv2a-t...

Long-term amygdala kindling produces substantial changes in emotional behavior in rats. The purpose of these experiments was to determine whether kindling-induced emotionality is fundamentally defensive or aggressive in nature. In Experiment 1, amygdala-kindled rats tested as intruders in a resident-intruder paradigm preferred an active defense strategy (i.e., defensive upright stance, jump att...