A convenient approach for oxidation of structurally diverse alcohols has been developed using KMnO4 as oxidant agent in the presence of a catalytic amount of Al2O3 in aqueous acetonitrile. In this method various alcohols generally afforded the corresponding carbonyl compounds directly in good to high yield under ultrasound irradiation conditions. It shows that this kind of catalysis system is v...

We present a refinement, suggested by Jensen and Milner under the term kind, of pure bigraphs. We name the result kind bigraphs. This refinement generalises the notion of atomic and non-atomic controls, allowing a control to contain a subset of the set of controls. We show that this variation has relative pushouts and classify its idem pushouts. A canonical labelled transition system can be der...

acrylamide as a possible carcinogenic compound is known to produce in heated carbohydrate-rich food such as bread. in this study, the effect of the fermentation process by four lactic acid bacteria (lab) and yeaston an industrial scale, was studied on acrylamide reduction in bread. results showed that the flour specifications and the kind of microorganisms in the fermentation process are import...

The question of women‘s rights in Islam generates huge interest among Muslims and non-Muslims alike. Scholars of feminism are sharply divided on the question of women‘s status in Islam. One group associates Islam with misogyny and gender oppression, while the other celebrates the religion as a liberatory force for women. Remarkably, despite a surge in female educational attainment and conscious...

It is known that asset exchange models with symmetric interaction between agents show either a Gibbs/log-normal distribution of assets among the agents or condensation of the entire wealth in the hands of a single agent, depending upon the rules of exchange. Here we explore the effects of introducing asymmetry in the interaction between agents with different amounts of wealth (i.e., the rich be...

T o what extent does the separation of powers affect congressional roll call voting behavior? To answer this question, I offer a strategic model of congressional decision making that asserts members of Congress pursue public policy goals when casting roll call votes. From the equilibrium predictions of a formal model, I generate testable hypotheses by computing the expected net amount of sophis...