The authors would like to correct panel H in Fig 3 to show the correct MFI values of PD-L1 expression on human CD4+ T cells. The error occurred during preparation of the figure for manuscript revision. The percentages of infected CD4 cells expressing PD-L1 were accidentally duplicated from panel I in Fig 3. Please see the corrected version of Fig 3 here. open access article distributed under th...

A partial order P = (X; < P) is a semi-order if it is an interval order admitting an interval representation such that all the intervals are of unit length. The semi-order dimension of P is the smallest k for which there exist k semi-order extensions of P which realize P. In HKM] the question whether semi-order dimension is a comparability invariant was posed. We prove that for k = 2 this is th...

suicide has been regarded as a great sin in different religions. since 1791, two years after the french revolution, the criminality of suicide was removed in france as people are regarded free which could decide about themselves. euthanasia or mercy killing is the intentional killing by act or omission of a dependent human being for his or her alleged benefit. if death is not intended, it is no...

Surfaces made of copper or its alloys have strong antimicrobial properties against a wide variety of microorganisms. However, the molecular mode of action responsible for the antimicrobial efficacy of metallic copper is not known. Here, we show that dry copper surfaces inactivate Candida albicans and Saccharomyces cerevisiae within minutes in a process called contact-mediated killing. Cellular ...

Resistance to β-lactam antibiotics is a frequent problem in Pseudomonas aeruginosa lung infection of cystic fibrosis (CF) patients. This resistance is mainly due to the hyperproduction of chromosomally encoded β-lactamase and biofilm formation. The purpose of this study was to investigate the role of β-lactamase in the pharmacokinetics (PK) and pharmacodynamics (PD) of ceftazidime and imipenem ...

Genetic analysis of host-pathogen interactions has been hampered by the lack of genetically tractable models of such interactions. We showed previously that the human opportunistic pathogen Pseudomonas aeruginosa kills Caenorhabditis elegans, that P. aeruginosa and C. elegans genes can be identified that affect this killing, and that most of these P. aeruginosa genes are also important for mamm...

Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans invades periodontal pocket epithelium and is therefore difficult to eliminate by periodontal scaling and root planing. It is susceptible to azithromycin, which is taken up by many types of mammalian cells. This led us to hypothesize that azithromycin accumulation by gingival epithelium could enhance the killing of intraepithelial A. actinomycetemcomitans. [...

UNLABELLED Role of the funding source: Funding from the NIH was used for support of the participating clinical centers and the coordinating center. The funding source did not participate in the collection or the analysis of the data. BACKGROUND The β cell killing that characterizes type 1 diabetes (T1D) is thought to begin years before patients present clinically with metabolic decompensation...