background: because of the ability of proliferation, regeneration, conversion to differentiated cells and tissue producing, stem cell therapy has important clinical implications for treatment of different diseases. in this chapter we discuss different kinds of stem cells that have been used in treatment of neurologic diseases, gastrointestinal diseases, heart diseases, bone disease, kidney dise...

A rare disease is defined by the federal government as any condition that affects fewer than 200,000 people in the United States. Rare diseases can be distinguished from neglected diseases, such as malaria, hookworm, or Chagas disease, in that neglected diseases receive less attention because although common they are uncommonly found in this country. As so defined, there are 6000 rare diseases ...

Macrophage accumulation associates closely with the degree of renal structural injury and renal dysfunction in human kidney diseases. Depletion of macrophages reduces while adoptive transfer of macrophages worsens inflammation in animal models of the renal injury. However, emerging evidence support that macrophage polarization plays a critical role in the progression of a number of kidney disea...

disease that does not in some way affect the kidneys either directly as part of the disease process or as a result of treatment. In this review, ‘multisystem diseases’ are taken to mean those conditions characterised by systemic vasculitis unless otherwise specified. These rare diseases may present to almost any hospital physician, frequently with non-specific signs and symptoms, usually associ...

*Common type of cystic disease of the kidney Introduction Cystic diseases of the kidney are common lesions worldwide.1–5 They are broadly divided into genetic and nongenetic cysts. A renal cyst is a fluid-filled sac arising from dilatation in any part of the nephrons or collecting ducts. The cysts may eventually separate from the nephrons or ducts and continue to enlarge. Although most are simp...

Certain rheumatic diseases are associated with unequivocal renal involvement. Examples are the immune complex mediated glomerular nephritis of systemic lupus erythematosus, the renal involvement in other connected tissue disorders such as polyarteritis nodosa, and the renal amyloid that can complicate rheumatoid arthritis or ankylosing spondylitis. Patients with these complications of rheumatic...

affected than females [2,6 ]. Bolton pointed out that The uraemic syndrome is characterized by overall 60% of patients receiving haemodialysis for uraemia deterioration of biochemical and physiological funchave neuropathy by electrodiagnostic criteria [2]. The tions in parallel with the progression of renal failure. main symptoms are restless legs, spontaneous cramps, Uraemia results in variabl...

The number of genes associated with renal disease is increasing every day and this has led to a clearer understanding of the pathophysiology of renal disease in many disorders. It is also appreciated now that a genetic mutation(s) underlie many renal syndromes. Genetic testing may also offer the possibility to diagnose some renal diseases without the need for a renal biopsy. It also allows the ...

Regular physical activity (PA) in the early school years is recommended by several scientific associations for primary prevention of cardiovascular disease. Long-term observational studies have shown that subjects who exercise regularly have significantly less coronary heart disease (CHD) and a reduced risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD). Exercise reduces serum triglycerides, increases serum h...