introduction studies on the fall-winter sowing of chickpea were commenced in 1974-75 at mediterranean regions. for example, singh et al, (1997) studied some chickpea cold and ascochyta blight tolerant genotypes in fall-winter sowing for 10 years (1983-1993) on three regions in syria and lebanon under rain-fed conditions. the mean of seed yield for 10 years in the fall-winter sowing was 1686 kg....