U.S. sanctions have been a major feature of U.S. Iran policy since Iran's 1979 Islamic revolution, but United Nation and worldwide bilateral sanctions on Iran are a relatively recent development. The official aim of the sanctions is to force the Iranian to comply with international rules over its disputed nuclear program. An array of restrictions on banking, shipping, insurance, ports, trade, c...

The theory of deterrence has been concerned primarily with situations in which individuals consider whether to commit a single harmful act. For instance, a person may be deciding whether to discharge a pollutant into a lake. In some contexts, however, a person may be contemplating which of several harmful acts to commitwhether to discharge a pollutant into a lake or instead to discharge it onto...

For privacy and security professionals following the news, the incidents reveal a wide span of provider philosophy and response regarding breaches. Facilities demonstrate varied degrees of access control management, differing stringency of enforcement policy, and inconsistent application of employee sanctions. Sanctions have ranged from gentle reminders to unspecified disciplinary action to ter...

by John Abowd ~f,.-~~~ · ¢. ~ ~ Before a crowd of more than 600 students Monday the ;1 ' :"\ Student Life Council returned the proposed sanctions for violation of University rules to a new committee. The SLC charged the steering committee and Prof. William Eagan, chairman, with appointing the committee and scheduling an open hearing on the proposed sanctions. The students, who filled the Engine...

Emotions, Sanctions and Cooperation We use skin conductance responses and self-reports of hedonic valence to study the emotional basis of cooperation and punishment in a social dilemma. Emotional reaction to free-riding incites individuals to apply sanctions when they are available. The application of sanctions activates a “virtuous emotional circle” that accompanies cooperation. Emotionally ar...

sanctions as a tool to pressure and coercion in promotion of foreign policy goals in mind and its literature has been introduced as one of the most arguable and non-definitive literature on international relations. according to the available space on domestic and international sanctions against iran, this study has tried some of these new approaches and perspectives in relation to the efficienc...

In this paper we look at the relationship between crime and economic incentives in a different way to other work in this area. We look at changes in unemployment benefits and the imposition of benefit sanctions as a means of studying the way that people on the margins of crime may react to economic incentives. The paper relies on a quasiexperimental setting induced by the introduction of the Jo...

Sanctioning in the face of uncertainty has been investigated from the perspective of signaling models, in which an informed target sends a signal and the sanctioner decides to sanction or not. As the more powerful power, however, the sanctioner could take the lead rather than react to the action of the target. Borrowing from contract theory, I present a new approach to the sanctioning of a targ...