Many start-up companies rely upon venture capitalists to begin operations. Typically, after the initial injection of funds, additional funding is provided as the firm reaches certain performance targets. The payment of the first funding round is comparable to an initial option premium. Further payments are contingent claims: the right but not the obligation to continue financially supporting th...

Agricultural land and forestlands can have multiple uses generate sources of utility. Although landowners benefit from most them, society others because their intrinsic characteristics as common-property resources customary practice. In many Italian territories, the picking mushrooms is allowed on privately owned agricultural in forests. The management these challenging due to emerging conflict...