BACKGROUND The position of the jet or ultrasonic nebulizer in the ventilator circuit impacts drug delivery during mechanical ventilation, but has not been extensively explored, and no study has examined all of the commonly used nebulizers. METHODS Drug delivery from jet, vibrating-mesh, and ultrasonic nebulizers and pressurized metered-dose inhaler (pMDI) with spacer was compared in a model o...

STUDY OBJECTIVES The published AASM guidelines approve use of a nasal cannula/pressure transducer to detect apneas/hypopneas, but require esophageal manometry for Respiratory Effort-Related Arousals (RERAs). However, esophageal manometry may be poorly tolerated by many subjects. We have shown that the shape of the inspiratory flow signal from a nasal cannula identifies flow limitation and eleva...

BACKGROUND Patients with do-not-intubate (DNI) status and respiratory failure are commonly treated with noninvasive ventilation (NIV). High-flow nasal cannula (HFNC) therapy supplies a high flow of heated and humidified oxygen that may provide an effective alternative to NIV. We assessed the efficacy of HFNC in DNI patients with hypoxemic respiratory distress. METHODS We identified 50 DNI pat...

Background: Neonatal acute respiratory distress is a common cause for mortality and morbidity in preterm neonates. Non-invasive ventilation crucial neonates, nasal intermittent positive pressure continuous airway pressure. Recently, heated humidified high-flow cannula modes have been revealed as more efficient non-invasive mode improving functional residual capacity however, other studies quest...

Background: High-flow nasal cannulas (HFNCs) have recently been used for several conditions, such as hypoxemic respiratory failure, hypercapnic post-extubation and preintubation oxygenation, in critically ill patients.Current Concepts: The advantages of HFNC compared with those low-flow oxygen systems or noninvasive ventilation include enhanced comfort, increased humidification secretions to fa...