this research was conducted in the west forest of guilan, northern iran. data from various harvesting methods for 20 years were collected. results showed that, productivity rate of round wood, pulp wood and fuel wood has had an upward trend, while rate of traditional products (lumber, sawn wood, charcoal, etc.) has had a downward trend. production cost has been investigated in this research. th...

Survival, cryoprotection, and the time course for recovery of vital functions were studied in autumn-collected juvenile wood frogs (Rana sylvatica) following freezing at -1.5 degrees C for various periods. Frogs readily tolerated freezing for 3 or 9 d, but only 50% survived a 28-d freezing trial. Generally, the postfreeze return of vital functions (vascular circulation, pulmonary breathing, rig...

The effects of density on territory size and population regulation in juvenile rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss Jacquelyn Lee Ann Wood Despite a wealth of research on territoriality and population regulation in stream dwelling salmonids, most studies have focused on manipulations of food abundance alone, or else have simultaneously manipulated space and food abundance, but used population den...

We analysed the regional level effects of juvenile stand management (early cleaning and precommercial thinning), shortly termed tending on wood production profitability forest management. Altogether ca. 0.4 million hectares stands from two significant forestry regions Finland, South North Savo, were examined. used plot-level data 11th National Forest Inventory to represent current status in stu...

Bent trees have been observed during the early years in juvenile plantations (less than 5 years-old) of Tectona grandis in Costa Rica. The relationship between bending and the morphological characteristics of the trees was explored. An evaluation of bent trees was conducted in six juvenile plantations (8, 17, 27, 28, 31, and 54 months old) of Tectona grandis. Site 1 with 8-month-old plantations...