This paper presents an economic argument that the prohibition of Ribā in classical Islamic Jurisprudence can be explained by appealing to precommitment and economic efficiency considerations. Our starting point is an argument provided by ’Ibn Rush ̄ d in Bidāyat alMujtahid wa Nihāyat al-Muqtas . id. ’Ibn Rush ̄ d provides a juristic explication of the “Objectives of The Law” (Maqās . id al-Sh ̄ ar̄...

the concept of perjury or false testimony has no notable difference in juristic texts and iranian criminal code. however, what both shi‘a and sunni jurists refer to as their sources for determination of punishment of that crime results in the fact that necessity of public disclosure of perjurer is because of the harm which may affect the society and individuals in the future – something missing...

cases where bayt al-mal is responsible for payment of compensation are sometimes accompanied by intensification of compensation. the question is that whether bayt al-mal should pay the intensified compensation in such cases. this question has not been answered in juristic and, legal texts. in addition to causing difference in opinions, it has caused courts to doubt generalization of the intensi...

Aim/Purpose: Determine if Black birthing people who delivered their babies in Quebec face more complications, death, and overall worse perinatal experiences than White counterparts. Background: With the recent surge of research on American maternal health demonstrating apparent discrepancies between rates Maternal morbidity mortality, Canada’s lack interest this potential issue is salient ever....

Background: People suffering from Body Integrity Identity Disorder feel the intensive wish for an amputation of one limb or another kind of handicap. Due to ethic and juristic reasons, the desired surgery is difficult to realize. In spite of these problems several patients were able to achieve the wished amputation, in most cases with a cash-paid surgery in a less developed country. Our study e...

The Roman Church was a leading public institution of the Middle Ages and its law, canon belonged to most powerful factors European legal history. Today’s lawyers have hardly any awareness canonist origins several current institutions. Together with law constituted system “both laws” (utrumque ius) which were only laws acknowledged as “learned” and, consequently, taught at medieval universities....