This study provides an expanded view of joint attention and its relation to expressive language development. A total of 144 toddlers (40 typically developing, 58 with autism spectrum disorder [ASD], 46 with developmental delay [DD]) participated at 24 and 31 months. Toddlers who screened positive for ASD risk, especially those subsequently diagnosed with ASD, had poorer joint attention skills, ...

Osteoarthritis (OA) is the most common form of joint disease. This review aimed to consolidate the current evidence that implicates the inflammatory process in the attenuation of synovial lubrication and joint tissue homeostasis in OA. Moreover, with these findings, we propose some evidence for novel therapeutic strategies for preventing and/or treating this complex disorder. The studies review...

BACKGROUND Spasticity is defined/assessed in resting limbs, where increased stretch reflex activity and mechanical joint resistance are evident. Treatment with antispastic agents assumes that these features contribute to the movement disorder, although it is unclear whether they persist during voluntary contraction. OBJECTIVES To compare reflex amplitude and joint resistance in spastic and no...

Bruxism affects roughly 5-20% of the adult population. It can be defined as a repetitive jaw-muscle activity characterized by clenching or grinding teeth and occur during sleep-related disorder daytime. irreversibly damage dentition restorations also lead to temporomandibular joint disorders headaches.

Dizziness and/or unsteadiness are common symptoms of chronic whiplash-associated disorders. This study aimed to report the characteristics of these symptoms and determine whether there was any relationship to cervical joint position error. Joint position error, the accuracy to return to the natural head posture following extension and rotation, was measured in 102 subjects with persistent whipl...

BACKGROUND A correlation between decreased blood coagulation factor XIII activity and the severity of organ disorders in pediatric Henoch-Schönlein purpura (HSP) has been demonstrated, but possible correlations in adult HSP have not been thoroughly investigated. OBJECTIVES To investigate the association between factor XIII activity with varying clinical severities of HSP and the severity of o...