In this paper, two techniques are proposed to enhance the nonnative (Japanese English) speech recognition performance. The first technique effectively integrates orthographic representation of a phoneme as an additional context in state clustering in training tied-state triphones. Non-native speakers often learned the target language not through their ears but through their eyes and it is easil...

Much research indicates that East Asians, more than Americans, explain events with reference to the context. The authors examined whether East Asians also attend to the context more than Americans do. In Study 1, Japanese and Americans watched animated vignettes of underwater scenes and reported the contents. In a subsequent recognition test, they were shown previously seen objects as well as n...

This paper is concerned with frequency adverbs in Japanese. Many linguists have pointed out that frequency statements and generic sentences have multiple readings when they co-occur with a kind of adjuncts. More often than not, the interpretation is complicated by the ambiguity of temporal adverbs and the context-dependent nature of the way operator works. In fact, frequency adverbs in Japanese...

Three Iranian native strains and three Japanese commercial lines of the silkworm Bombyx mori were analyzed using amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) markers. A set of ten PstI/TaqI primer combinations amplified a total of 322 bands out of which 251 (%78) were polymorphic. Estimates of Nei’s gene diversity for all loci in individual strains and commercial lines indicated a higher degre...