Pheochromocytoma associated with inferior vena cava (IVC) thrombosis is very rare. A 27-year-old female presented with right flank pain and hypertensive urgency. Contrast-enhanced CT abdomen and gadolinium-contrast MRI abdomen revealed right adrenal mass suspicious of malignancy with invasion and compression to the right IVC wall along with IVC thrombus extending from the level of renal veins t...

Background/aim: The variations and anomalies of the kidneys besides the variations of the inferior vena cava (IVC) and left renal vein (LRV) are mostly asymptomatic, but they carry potential risks particularly during retroperitoneal surgery and radiological interventions. Our aim was to find the frequencies, types, and sex distribution of renal anomalies and variations of the IVC and LRV utiliz...

Various anomalies of the inferior venacava (IVC) have been reported in the past. Amongst, the absence of IVC is one of the less frequently reported anomalies. The absence can be complete or partial, confined to the hepatic, supra-renal or infra-renal segment of IVC. It is still a controversy, whether these conditions are true embryonic anomalies or the result of perinatal IVC thrombosis. A man ...

OBJECTIVES The aims were to evaluate whether any changes in blood flow in fetal inferior vena cava (IVC) are observed during Atosiban tocolysis within the first 48 hours of therapy. METHODS Detailed Doppler evaluation of blood flow in fetal IVC was performed prior to Atosiban administration and after 24 and 48 hours respectively. Maternal and fetal heart rate was assessed. IVC Doppler indices...

Germ-free rodents colonized with microbiotas of interest are used for host-microbiota investigations and for testing microbiota-targeted therapeutic candidates. Traditionally, isolators are used for housing such gnotobiotic rodents due to optimal protection from the environment, but research groups focused on the microbiome are increasingly combining or substituting isolator housing with indivi...

Directed evolution of proteins is a technique used to modify protein functions through "Darwinian selection." In vitro compartmentalization (IVC) is an in vitro gene screening system for directed evolution of proteins. IVC establishes the link between genetic information (genotype) and the protein translated from the information (phenotype), which is essential for all directed evolution methods...

INTRODUCTION Rapid diagnosis of volume overload in patients with suspected congestive heart failure (CHF) is necessary for the timely administration of therapeutic agents. We sought to use the measurement of respiratory variation of inferior vena cava (IVC) diameter as a diagnostic tool for identification of CHF in patients presenting with acute dyspnea. METHODS The IVC was measured sonograph...

BACKGROUND In the trauma population, patients with physiologic compromise may present with "normal" vital signs. We hypothesized that the inferior vena cava (IVC) diameter could be used as a surrogate marker for hypovolemic shock and predict mortality in severely injured trauma patients. METHODS A retrospective cohort study was performed at a Level I trauma center on 161 severely injured adul...

BACKGROUND The number of IVC filter-related complications has increased with their growing utilization; however, IVC filter perforation of the duodenum is rare. It can manifest with nonspecific abdominal pain, gastrointestinal bleeding, cava-duodenal fistula, or small bowel obstruction. CASE REPORT A 67-year-old female presented with several years of right upper quadrant abdominal pain which ...

BACKGROUND The ideal thromboprophylaxis in patients at risk of bleeding is uncertain. This retrospective cohort study assessed the risk factors for complications after using retrievable inferior vena cava (IVC) filters for primary or secondary thromboembolism prophylaxis in patients after major trauma. METHODS Using data from radiology, trauma and death registries, the incidence of and risk f...