Steep, natural terrain offers excellent opportunities for scientific investigations into the composition and history of Mars and other planetary bodies. In this paper, we present a prototype tethered robot, vScout (vertical scout), capable of operating in steep, rugged terrain. The primary purpose of this vehicle is to support field geologists conducting research on cliffs, in canyons, and on c...

One-way recursive wavefield extrapolation and migration has many advantages over other wavefield extrapolation methods. The method can handle complex models and is robust. However, the extrapolation of turning waves is one important omission of one-way wavefield extrapolation In this paper a new hybrid approach for the imaging of steep salt flanks is presented: CFP redatuming is used to redatum...

Themesoscopic properties of a plasma in a cylindrical magnetic field are investigated from the view point of test-particle dynamics. When the system has enough time and spatial symmetries, a Hamiltonian of a test particle is completely integrable and can be reduced to a single degree of freedomHamiltonian for each initial state. The reduced Hamiltonian sometimes has an unstable fixed point (sad...

where ρ0 is the mean density of seawater, U cos(ωt) the tidal velocity, and f the Coriolis frequency. The function M(b/h) increases monotonically with M(0)= 1, M(0.92)= 2 and M(1)=∞. As b/h→ 1, M diverges logarithmically and consequently the radiated power grows as ln[(h − b)/b]. We also calculate the conversion in a realistically stratified ocean with strongly non-uniform buoyancy frequency, N...

To the Editor:—The critique by Eger et al. on the article by Eckenhoff and Johansson concerns combining the dose–response curves of several ion channels to make them steeper. The slopes of the in vivo studies are steep, whereas those of the in vitro studies are gradual. Both groups anticipate that when several binding sites among ion channels are combined, the dose–response curves may become st...

Differences in the response times of different biogeochemical tracers to upper ocean forcing processes can lead to substantial differences in their patterns of variability. An idealized tracer with a steep vertical concentration gradient is modeled in a flow field representative of an upper ocean front. The surface distribution of the tracer is studied as a function of its response or restorati...

We have been studying coand postseismic displacements from large earthquakes since mid-2006, using ALOS PALSAR images acquired before and after these events. Due to its wavelength, coherence is high even in heavily vegetated areas or steep ranges. We can estimate slip distribution of these earthquakes based on the observed interferograms using a nonlinear inversion scheme. So far, we could not ...

We use the 6C** sample to investigate the co-moving space density of powerful, steepspectrum radio sources. This sample, consisting of 68 objects, has virtually complete K-band photometry and spectroscopic redshifts for 32 per cent of the sources. In order to find its complete redshift distribution, we develop a method of redshift estimation based on the K − z diagram of the 3CRR, 6CE, 6C* and ...

Chemotaxis of the bacterium Escherichia coli is well understood in shallow chemical gradients, but its swimming behavior remains difficult to interpret in steep gradients. By focusing on single-cell trajectories from simulations, we investigated the dependence of the chemotactic drift velocity on attractant concentration in an exponential gradient. Whereas maxima of the average drift velocity c...

In the CP–invariant supersymmetric theories, the steep S–wave (slow P–wave) rise of the cross section for any non–diagonal neutralino pair production in e+e− annihilation, e+e− → χ̃i χ̃ 0 j (i 6= j), near threshold is accompanied by the slow P–wave (steep S–wave) decrease of the fermion invariant mass distribution of the 3–body neutralino decay, χ̃i → χ̃ 0 j f f̄ (f = l or q), near the end point. Th...