Analysis of DNA-sequence variation (or allelic state) at a specific chromosomal location in an individual/genotype is referred to as genotyping. Variation in the DNA sequence may or may not have functional significance. For example, variation may result either in a synonymous or non-synonymous change in a codon. Such alterations may either cause a favorable change or deleterious mutations (mis-...

Trypanosoma cruzi is the causative parasite of Chagas' disease, while the closely related T. rangeli is non-pathogenic in humans. Restriction fragment length polymorphisms (RFLPs) of a portion of the cysteine proteinase gene were used to distinguish T. cruzi from T. rangeli. This procedure was very sensitive, with a single cell of either species being sufficient for the PCR. The sensitivity and...

Garlic belongs to the Allium genus, which includes more than 750 species divided into 60 taxonomic groups. It is cultivated in many countries throughout world for bulb and used as a spice functional food. The plant vegetatively propagates. This review will focus on origins, biology, analysis of genetic diversity, pharmacological properties garlic. appears from this synthesis that sativum derive...

The remarkable recent advances in molecular genetics are grounds for considerable optimism in psychiatry, where many diseases appear to have an hereditary component. Most notably, the discovery of restriction fragment-length polymorphisms (RFLPs) has greatly increased the number of markers available for linkage studies. Linkage analysis has two basic requirements. First, co-operative families m...