It is widely accepted that the cerebellum acquires and maintain internal models for motor control. An internal model simulates mapping between a set of causes and effects. There are two candidates of cerebellar internal models, forward models and inverse models. A forward model transforms a motor command into a prediction of the sensory consequences of a movement. In contrast, an inverse model ...

Several decades of investigation have provided unequivocal support for the existence of an intrinsic brain reninangiotensin (Ang) system (RAS) and its involvement in the control of cardiovascular functions.1,2 Essential components of the RAS, ie, renin, angiotensinogen, Ang-converting enzyme, Ang-converting enzyme 2, type 1 Ang II, and type 2 Ang II receptors, as well as various aminopeptidases...

INTRODUCTION This Article explores the potential of community health centers (CHCs) to become a central component providing health care in America. It focuses on health centers as a proposed solution to the dual national problems of access to care and the shortage of primary care doctoring. It argues that CHCs have the capacity to address the problem of access to health services and to provide ...

Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) are reported to be associated with increased bleeding tendency. While findings of recent studies explain a lot about the pathophysiology of this side-effect, there is a general tendency to discontinue SSRIs as harmful medications. We report two instances of dose-dependent relations between sertraline and bleeding tendency. Bleeding diathesis was a...

A 34 year old woman, previously healthy and on no medications or supplements, presented with a 5 week history of fatigue and jaundice. She denied alcohol or illicit drug use. She had no encephalopa-thy or ascites, and transaminases were 8 times normal , gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase 9 times normal, alkaline phosphatase 3 times normal, INR 1.7 (normal 0.9-1.1), MCV 97 fL (normal 80-98 fL) and bi...

In the fourth year of medical school, some of us get posted in rural hospitals to understand the working of such hospitals. A few of us were posted in a hospital in central India. We reached there, full of exuberance. On the third day at 6 am, rushed into the ER; a son with his elderly father who was unresponsive for the last half an hour. We rushed to see the patient. He was mute, unresponsive...

OBJECTIVE To prove that the difference in human skin color can be used as a new fingerprint. METHODS A cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted in the Faculty of Medicine, The National Ribat University, Khartoum, Sudan between January and June 2010. The study consists of 139 subjects, which includes 41 Sudanese identical twins (82 subjects), 50 subjects from the general population, and...

Being able to measure time, whether directly or indirectly, is a significant advantage for an organism. It permits it to predict regular events, and prepare for them on time. Thus, clocks are ubiquitous in biology. In the present paper, we consider the most minimal abstract pure clocks and investigate their characteristics with respect to their ability to measure time. Amongst other, we find fu...

Background. Hypertrophic osteoarthropathy (HOA) is a syndrome characterized by abnormal proliferation of the skin and bony structures at the distal extremities resulting in digital clubbing, periosteal bony reaction, and joint effusion. It can be primary (idiopathic) without any clear identifiable etiology as well as secondary to variety of systemic diseases most notably lung pathology. Case Pr...