This paper presents developed processes for silicon microneedle arrays microfabrication. Three types of microneedles structures were achieved by isotropic etching in inductively coupled plasma (ICP) using SF6/O2 gases, combination of isotropic etching with deep etching, and wet etching, respectively. A microneedle array with biodegradable porous tips was further developed based on the fabricate...

Recent work predicted the existence of isotropic chiral phonon dispersion relations lowest bands connected to acoustical activity in cubic crystalline approximants three-dimensional (3D) icosahedral metamaterial quasi-crystals. While these architectures are fairly broadband and presumably robust against fabrication tolerances due orientation averaging, they extremely complex, very hard manufact...

We propose a Landau model to describe the smectic C isotropic phase transition. A general Landau theory for the coupled orientational and translational order parameters and including the tilt angle is developed. The conditions for the smectic C isotropic phase transition and the stability conditions of the smectic C phase are calculated. On the basis of this model it is argued that the smectic ...

The connectivity of the hydrophobic medium in the nonionic binary system C12EO6/H2O is studied by monitoring the diffusion constants of tracer molecules at the transition between the hexagonal mesophase and the fluid isotropic phase. The increase in the transverse diffusion coefficient on approaching the isotropic phase reveals the proliferation of bridge-like defects connecting the surfactant ...

in design and optimization process of laminated composite structures, the number of layers, layer angles, stacking sequence, material types and etc should be specified. each of aforesaid parameters can be applied as a design variable. in this paper the target is to minimize the weight of laminated composite pin loaded structures. the laminated composite structures are designed based on the load...