PURPOSE To quantitate the distribution of myosin heavy chain (MyHC) isoforms along the global and orbital layers of dog rectus muscles and determine MyHC and myosin light chain (MLC) isoform patterns among single fibers from both layers. METHODS Serial samples of both layers of rectus muscles were prepared for gel electrophoresis. Relative amounts of each MyHC isoform in each sample were dete...

Arginine and Glutamate-Rich protein 1 (ARGLU1) is a protein whose function is poorly understood, but may act in both transcription and pre-mRNA splicing. We demonstrate that the ARGLU1 gene expresses at least three distinct RNA splice isoforms - a fully spliced isoform coding for the protein, an isoform containing a retained intron that is detained in the nucleus, and an isoform containing an a...

The binding mechanism of a new class of lipid-competitive, ATP non-competitive, p110α isoform-selective PI3K (phosphoinositide 3-kinase) inhibitors has been elucidated. Using the novel technique of isoform reciprocal mutagenesis of non-conserved amino acids in the p110α and p110β isoforms, we have identified three unique binding mechanisms for the p110α-selective inhibitors PIK-75, A-66S and J-...

p63 is a transcriptional factor implicated in cancer and development. The presence in TP63 gene of alternative promoters allows expression of one isoform containing the N-terminal transactivation domain (TA isoform) and one N-terminal truncated isoform (ΔN isoform). Complete ablation of all p63 isoforms produced mice with fatal developmental abnormalities, including lack of epidermal barrier, l...

Tens of thousands of splice isoforms of proteins have been catalogued as predicted sequences from transcripts in humans and other species. Relatively few have been characterized biochemically or structurally. With the extensive development of protein bioinformatics, the characterization and modeling of isoform features, isoform functions, and isoform-level networks have advanced notably. Here w...

PURPOSE To determine the distribution of myosin heavy chain isoforms in each extraocular muscle (EOM) fiber type. METHODS Serial sections of adult rat EOMs were stained with isoform-specific monoclonal antibodies against an array of myosin heavy chains. Immunofluorescent antibody staining of whole adult rat EOMs, examined by confocal microscopy, demonstrated the longitudinal variations of iso...

AIMS protein phosphatase 1 (PP1) is the major isotype of serine/threonine phosphatase in cardiomyocytes, and its activity has been thought to be important for heart failure progression. The PP1 catalytic subunits consist of three distinct genes, PP1α, PP1β/δ, and PP1γ. To date, the function of each PP1 isoform is not well characterized in cardiomyocytes. We sought to determine the functional co...

The exclusive basolateral localization of the Na-K-ATPase in kidney epithelium is a critical aspect of nephron function. It has been suggested that mislocalized delivery of the Na-K-ATPase to the apical surface in autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) is due to the inappropriate expression of an alternative isoform of the beta-subunit, the beta(2)-isoform. It has been reported th...

Chemically skinned single fibers from adult rat skeletal muscles were used to test the hypothesis that, in mammalian muscle fibers, myosin heavy chain (MHC) isoform expression and Ca(2+)- or Sr(2+)-activation characteristics are only partly correlated. The fibers were first activated in Ca(2+)- or Sr(2+)-buffered solutions under near-physiological conditions, and then their MHC isoform composit...

BACKGROUND Regional differences in the prevalence of Panton-Valentine leukocidin (PVL) and PVL isoform-harboring strains as well as in the local population structure of Staphylococcus aureus may influence the clinical spectrum of S. aureus infections. METHODS Using a prospective collection of S. aureus isolates from northern Australia, we determined differences between infections caused by (1...