The interspike interval (ISI) preceding a retinal spike has a strong influence on whether retinal spikes will drive postsynaptic responses in the lateral geniculate nucleus (LGN). This ISI-based filtering of retinal spikes could, in principle, be used as a mechanism for processing visual information en route from retina to cortex; however, this form of processing has not been previously explore...

The ISI/USC machine translation system is a statistical system based on a phrase translation model that is trained on bilingual parallel data. This translation model is combined with several other knowledge sources in a log-linear manner. The weights of the individual components in the log-linear model are set by an automatic parameter-tuning method. The system described here has been developed...

The traditional method of sending a training signal to identify a channel, followed by data, may be viewed as a simple code for the unknown channel. Results in blind sequence detection suggest that performance similar to this traditional approach can be obtained without training. However, for short packets and/or time-recursive algorithms, signi cant error oors exist due to the existence of seq...

PURPOSE Diabetic retinopathy is the leading cause of blindness among working-age adults in most developed countries. It affects eyes bilaterally and is generally believed to be symmetrical, yet there are few studies evaluating the symmetry of diabetic retinopathy. The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the symmetry of the amount of peripheral retinal ischemia in patients with diabetic...

OBJECTIVES To compare the psychometric properties of the Chinese versions of Insomnia Severity Index (ISI), Athens Insomnia Scale (AIS) and Sleep Quality Index (SQI) for assessment and screening of insomnia in adolescents. METHODS This is a school-based survey of 1516 adolescents aged 12-19 years. Sleep-wake habit questionnaire, ISI, AIS, SQI, Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS) and 12-item Genera...

The new CoaguChek XS system is designed for use in patient selftesting. It is the successor of the current CoaguChek S system. The detection principle is based on the amperometric measurement of the thrombin activity initiated by starting the coagulation cascade using a human recombinant thromboplastin. This study was performed to assign the International SEnsitivity Index (ISI) to the new test...

BACKGROUND Research on sleep health is lacking in developing countries, particularly among the Sudanese population. This contributes to a number of social and safety risks such as workplace injury, daytime sleepiness, automobile accidents, and more. The current study aims to validate three Arabic questionnaires related to sleep health, namely the Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS), Insomnia Severit...

An important challenge in the design and analysis of event-related or single-trial functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) experiments is to optimize statistical efficiency, i.e., the accuracy with which the event-related hemodynamic response to different stimuli can be estimated for a given amount of imaging time. Several studies have suggested that using a fixed inter-stimulus-interval (...

The information regarding visual stimulus is encoded in spike trains at the output of retina by retinal ganglion cells (RGCs). Among these, the directional selective cells (DSRGC) are signaling the direction of stimulus motion. DSRGCs' spike trains show accentuated periods of short interspike intervals (ISIs) framed by periods of isolated spikes. Here we use two types of visual stimulus, white ...

Polar codes are a class of capacity-achieving codes for the binary-input discrete memoryless channels (B-DMCs). However, when applied in channels with intersymbol interference (ISI), the codes may perform poorly with BCJR equalization and conventional decoding methods. To deal with the ISI problem, in this paper a new joint successive cancellation (SC) decoding algorithm is proposed for polar c...