The Case A 75-year-old woman is evaluated for difficulties with memory and daily function. Over the past 2 years, she has had progressively worsening short-term memory and difficulties paying bills accurately or cooking complex meals. Her medical history is positive for hypertension and coronary artery disease with no recent cardiac symptoms and no history of transient ischemic attack or stroke...

BACKGROUND The positive correlation between therapeutic exercise and memory recovery in cases of ischemia has been extensively studied; however, long-term exercise begun after ischemic neuronal death as a chronic neurorestorative strategy has not yet been thoroughly examined. OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study is to investigate possible mechanisms by which exercise ameliorates ischemia-induc...

The road to clarity for postischemic dementia mechanisms has been one fraught with a wide range of complications and numerous revisions with a lack of a final solution. Importantly, brain ischemia is a leading cause of death and cognitive impairment worldwide. However, the mechanisms of progressive cognitive decline following brain ischemia are not yet certain. Data from animal models and clini...

In the article, authors substantiate methods of treatment most common cause symptomatic epilepsy in adults, namely traumatic and ischemic. The complexity is need to take into account location magnitude brain damage, severity pathological process, risk factors for epilepsy, presence comorbid pathology. Also, large number side effects from taking antiepileptic drugs, encourages discovery new trea...

It is well known that ischemia causes neuronal necrosis in selectively vulnerable sectors of the hippocampus. Since the hippocampus is involved in spatial navigation, learning, and memory, selective deficits in these areas may arise from ischemic brain damage. The objective of this study was to test whether a minimal ischemic insult, producing selective neuronal necrosis restricted to only a po...

Acupuncture is recommended by the World Health Organization (WHO) as an alternative and complementary strategy for stroke treatment and for improving stroke care. Clinical trial and meta-analysis findings have demonstrated the efficacy of acupuncture in improving balance function, reducing spasticity, and increasing muscle strength and general well-being post-stroke. The mechanisms underlying t...

OBJECT Ischemic brain injury is the leading cause for death and long-term disability in patients who suffer cardiac arrest and embolic stroke. Excitotoxicity and subsequent Ca(2+)-overload lead to ischemic neuron death. We explore a novel mechanism concerning the role of the excitatory extracellular calcium-sensing receptor (CaSR) in the induction of ischemic brain injury. METHOD Mice were ex...

background and aim: today, bilingualism is a developing phenomenon which half of the world population is bilingual. auditory system is the main route to language learning, so it is expected that bilingualism has an effect on functions of the auditory system. auditory memory is one of the auditory processes which is a cornerstone of linguistic skills and learning process growth, so that, it has ...