Purpose: The purpose of this study was to explore a possible mechanism of eye irritation by constructing a corresponding general quantitative structure-activity relationship (QSAR) model using a genetic algorithm. The model was derived from a subset of diverse chemical structures found in the Draize eye irritation ECETOC data set. Methods: Molecular dynamic simulation (MDS) was used to generate...

To clarify the health risks related to silver nanoparticles (Ag-NPs), we evaluated the genotoxicity, acute oral and dermal toxicity, eye irritation, dermal irritation and corrosion and skin sensitisation of commercially manufactured Ag-NPs according to the OECD test guidelines and GLP. The Ag-NPs were not found to induce genotoxicity in a bacterial reverse mutation test and chromosomal aberrati...

The irritation of cosmetics and their ingredients on lips has mostly been estimated by using human lips. However, human tests are a heavy burden on subjects, making it difficult to evaluate multiple samples. Therefore, it was examined whether the HeLa-MTT assay, which is used as a substitution method for eye irritation test, could be used as a method for evaluating the irritation on lips. Oils ...

Irritation and negative valence are closely associated in perception. However, these perceptual aspects can be dissociated in olfaction where irritation can accompany both pleasant and unpleasant odorants. Whereas the sensation of odor reflects transduction at olfactory receptors, irritation reflects concurrent transduction of the odorant at trigeminal receptors. Thus a stimulus can be either a...

OBJECTIVE To report a case of coexisting irritation fibroma and myofibroma in oral mucosa. CLINICAL PRESENTATION AND INTERVENTION One case with two painless, nodular masses, adjacent to each other in the buccal mucosa, was clinically examined with a provisional diagnosis of irritation fibroma, salivary gland tumors, neurofibroma and schwannoma. Histological examination of the smaller swelling...

Health effects of acute exposure • The main routes of exposure to hydrogen chloride are via inhalation, or skin or eye contact and exposure to hydrochloric acid is predominantly by ingestion, or skin or eye contact • Inhalation may cause irritation to nose and upper respiratory tract, ulceration, coughing, chest tightness and shortness of breath. Higher concentrations cause tachypnoea, pulmonar...

Seventy-seven patients with ectopic pregnancy underwent culdocentesis; the tap was positive in 70%, negative in 10% and inadequate in 20%. A positive tap was significantly associated with a low hematocrit but was often obtained in patients without hypotension, tachycardia, peritoneal irritation or tubal rupture. While patients with peritoneal irritation were significantly more likely to have a ...

Many inhalation exposure studies have been performed with toluene diisocyanate (TDI) in different animal species. Many were targeted at respiratory irritation and/or sensitisation. As there is still no broadly accepted guideline for the performance of respiratory sensitisation tests, protocols used and endpoints investigated are numerous. In this review we collected data from those respiratory ...

Cutaneous irritation presents a major health problem with serious social and occupational impact. The interaction between an irritant and the human skin depends on multiple factors: the intrinsic properties and the nature of the irritant itself, and specific individual- and environment-related variables. The main pathological mechanisms of irritancy include skin barrier disruption, induction of...