It has been suggested that the significant differences that still persist between the measurements of earth’s radiation budget and the predictions are partially due to the inadequacies in the absorption coefficients of water vapor used in the calculations. Water in all its three phases has a profound influence on both the longwave and shortwave streams of radiation, because of its strong absorp...

In this paper, we obtain the Rényi entropy rate for irreducible-aperiodic Markov chains with countable state space, using the theory of countable nonnegative matrices. We also obtain the bound for the rate of Rényi entropy of an irreducible Markov chain. Finally, we show that the bound for the Rényi entropy rate is the Shannon entropy rate.

A set of relative permeability relations for simultaneous ow of steam and water in porous media have been derived from experiments conducted under conditions that eliminate most errors associated with saturation and pressure measurements. These relations show that the relative permeability for steam phase in porous media varies linearly with saturation. The liquid phase, however shows a variati...

The Pinghu Formation is a low permeability sandstone reservoir in the KQT Region, East China Sea. Its porosity ranges from 3.6 to 18.0%, and distributed 0.5 251.19 mD. relationship between was poor due strong heterogeneity. This led difficulty of quantitatively evaluating effective reservoirs identifying pore fluids by using common methods. In this study, effectively evaluate sandstones structu...

[1] Remaining oil saturation established by waterflooding was measured in Indiana limestone in its original, water-wet state and under mixed-wet conditions established by adding organic acid to the oil phase. The porous plate technique was used to establish initial oil saturations ranging from Snwi1⁄4 0.23 to 0.93 under capillary-dominated conditions. For water-wet conditions, the residual oil ...

Cross relaxation between macromolecular protons and water protons is known to be important in biologic tissue. In magnetic resonance (MR) imaging sequences, selective saturation of the characteristically short T2 macromolecular proton pool can produce contrast called magnetization transfer contrast, based on the cross-relaxation process. Selective saturation can be achieved with continuous wave...

Cementation factor is a critical parameter, which affects water saturation calculation. In carbonate rocks, due to the sensitivity of this parameter to pore type, water saturation estimation has associated with high inaccuracy. Hence developing a reliable mathematical strategy to determine these properties accurately is of crucial importance. To this end, genetic algorithm pattern search is emp...