Introduction: Stainless steel alloy used in orthodontics has elements such as iron - magnesium and chromium , which may be released due to corrosion in the mouth . The aim of this study was to evaluate the changes of these elements in the saliva of patients undergoing fixed orthodontic treatment. Methods: In a clinical study with simple non- random sampling , 1ml saliva of 11 patients (7 fem...

BACKGROUND In the year 2000 Corus closed its steel plant operations in Redcar, NE of England temporarily for refurbishment of its blast furnace. This study investigates the impact of the closure on the chemical composition and biological activity of PM10 collected in the vicinity of the steel plant. METHODS The metal content of PM10 samples collected before during and after the closure was me...

This paper studies a short-term berth allocation problem encountered in the Baoshan Iron and Steel complex. A mathematical model is developed for the problem to minimize the total tardiness particularly considering special industrial characteristics. A lower bound derived by performing a Lagrangian relaxation, along with appropriate branching rules, is incorporated into a branch and bound algor...

Potentiodynamic, impedance measurements were carried out on 304 stainless steel in 0.5N, 1.0, 2.0 and 5.0 N H2SO4 solutions. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopic [XPS] studies carried out on 304 stainless steel in H2SO4 solutions revealed the existence of CrOOH, Cr2O3, -Fe2O3, FeOOH, Mn2O3, Mn3O4, MnS, Ni (OH)2, Ni2O3, NiO, sulphides. The passive film found to contain chromium oxide inner layer an...

The Iliad and the Odyssey co-evolved with the use of iron, and so a detailed examination of iron in the Homeric poems has the potential to flesh out a “fuller cultural history” (1) of the Greeks: what they considered the properties of iron objects, and how iron acquires these properties. I believe the texts distinguish three types of iron: bloom iron, wrought iron, and steel, despite the fact t...

in this investigation, attempts were directed to study the inhibitive effects of nitrite and phosphate base inhibitors for the carbon steel alloy samples, which are used in an acid gas treatment process (the sulfiran® solution), in fe-edta solution. electrochemical techniques, i.e. polarization curves and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (eis), were used to evaluate the inhibition efficie...

During the last century the steel industry was influenced by several crises which invoked strong innovation activities in development of new classes of steels. innovation was based on the statement of representative of automotive industry bernhard rolinson who said: “Steel has a long tradition but despite of this its potential from the point of view of material properties is exploited only to 2...