Hypertension is associated with increased risk of cardiovascular diseases. Antihypertensive treatment, particularly blockade of the renin-angiotensin system, contributes to prevent atherosclerosis-mediated cardiovascular events. Direct comparison of different antihypertensive treatments on atherosclerosis and particularly plaque stabilization is sparse. ApoE(-/-) mice with vulnerable (2-kidney,...

Use of angiotensin (Ang) II AT1 receptor antagonists for treatment of hypertension is rapidly increasing, yet direct comparisons of the relative efficacy of antagonists to block the renin-angiotensin system in humans are lacking. In this study, the Ang II receptor blockade induced by the recommended starting dose of 3 antagonists was evaluated in normotensive subjects in a double-blind, placebo...

BACKGROUND The Minnesota Living with Heart Failure Questionnaire (MLHFQ) was used in a large, multinational, randomized, placebo-controlled trial to measure adverse effects of heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HF-PEF) on patients' lives and the effects of irbesartan. METHODS AND RESULTS Patients with symptomatic HF-PEF were randomly assigned to irbesartan (up to 300 mg daily) or...

OBJECTIVES This study aimed to determine whether combining a calcium channel blocker with either an angiotensin II receptor blocker or a β-blocker would have similar effects on sexual function in men with hypertension. METHODS This prospective, randomized study (ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT01​238705) included 218 male participants with untreated hypertension. Patients were randomized to treatment ...

In chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), the sympathetic nervous system, as well as the renin–angiotensin system, is activated with possible negative systemic effects on skeletal muscles. Angiotensin II type-1 receptor blockers inhibit the sympathetic and renin– angiotensin systems and might improve skeletal and respiratory muscle strength in patients in whom these systems are activated...

Thiazide diuretics, angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors, and angiotensin receptor blockers all cause reactive rises in plasma renin activity. We hypothesized that renin inhibition with aliskiren would prevent this reactive rise and also enhance blood pressure lowering. In 3 open-label studies in which blood pressure was assessed with ambulatory measurement, aliskiren was administered to pa...

Abstract Background To analyze whether the cytochrome P450 enzyme 2C9*3 (CYP2C9*3) and angiotensin II receptor 1 (AGTR1) (1166A>C) gene polymorphisms are associated with risk of essential hypertension (EH) antihypertensive effect irbesartan. Methods A total 2,057 EH patients 286 healthy controls were enrolled for genotyping in which 598 given irbesartan 150 mg/day 4 weeks. Blood pressure...

Development of efficient commercial process for the preparation of highly pure 4'-(2-Butyl-4-oxo-1,3-diazaspiro[4,4]non-1-en-3-ylmethyl)-biphenyl-2-carbonitrile (1), an advanced intermediate of Irbesartan is described. The developed process minimizes the impurity formation and utilizes the simplified process to improve yield, throughput and is suitable for production on commercial scale.

BACKGROUND Angiotensin type 1 receptor (AT(1)R) blockers (ARB) have been shown to reduce the incidence of type 2 diabetes mellitus by an unknown molecular mechanism. The peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma (PPARgamma) is the central regulator of insulin and glucose metabolism improving insulin sensitivity. We investigated the regulation of PPARgamma function by ARBs. METHODS AND ...

Evidence is available from animal and human studies that protein traffic through the glomerular capillary has a pathogenetic role in subsequent renal damage and that angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors appear superior to other drugs in lowering proteinuria and the rate of renal function decline. This study compares the effect of ACE inhibition or angiotensin II (AngII) receptor block...