Aim The present study aimed to assess the reliability and validity of Persian version of patient assessment of constipation: quality of life (PAC-QOL) questionnaire in Iranian patients. Background Chronic constipation has significant effects on daily living, wellbeing and individuals' quality of life (QOL). Validated tools can help us to assessing QOL in affected ones and facilitating clinica...

Very little information is available regarding marine free-living flatworms not only from Iran, but throughout the countries surrounding the Persian Gulf and the Gulf of Oman. The present study first introduces a new euryleptid species, and then reports four pseudocerotid polyclads which inhabit Iranian shallow rocky shores of the Persian Gulf and the Gulf of Oman. Maritigrella makranica sp. no...

The Iranian Persian chub is an endemic species of the family Cyprinidae known only from few localities in drainages of Southern Iran. It was originally described in the genus Pseudophoxinus as (Pseudophoxinus persidis) and then Petroleuciscus (as Petroleuciscus persidis). In this study, we examined phylogenetic relationships of the Iranian Persian chub with other relatives in the family Cyprini...

AIM Iran's health-care system has witnessed profound changes in the last decades. Despite its progress, the system has currently faced many challenges in one of the important subsystems, nursing. The present review article aimed to present an overview of the opportunities and challenges of the Iranian nursing system, based on recent literature. METHODS A broad search of the English and Persia...

Farshid Sadatsharifi has been visiting scholar at the Institute of Islamic Studies in McGill University, Montreal, Canada since 2016. He received his PhD and MA in Persian Language and Literature from Shiraz University, Iran. He also completed his post-doc fellowship in Interdisciplinary Approaches to Literature at the same university. Dr. Sadatsharifi is the co-founder and director of Samaak I...

Background and Aim: Medical concepts can be studied in language and literature. The purpose of this study is to investigate the term"pezeshk" and"medical terminology” in ancient Iran, in Persian language and literature, and in Mashreqi Shirazi poems. Materials and Methods: This research has been done by reviewing and studying three articles, three databases, and about fifteen books. Since the ...

Standard protocols should be established for treating eligible stroke patients with tissue plasminogen activator (TPA) (recommendation class I, level of evidence B). The Iranian standard protocol of Intravenous Thrombolysis with recombinant Tissue Plasminogen Activator (IVTTPA) is the best possible and easy to use method for performing intravenous thrombolysis in Iran. This protocol overcomes p...

This paper discusses the use of fast and customized Dynamic Time Warping method for offline Persian handwriting recognition that could be easily extended to Arabic language. Many systems in this field are based on either Neural Network or Hidden Markov Model that suffer from low recognition rate, sensitivity to noises or wide range of parameters that reduce system performance. The complete syst...