The Strait of Hormuz has great significance for the world economy as an oil chokepoint. Yet in recent years, international navigation through been repeatedly hampered and subject to discriminatory navigational restrictions attacks. Such measures have mostly aimed at tankers. This article examines maritime incidents that occurred 2019: mine attacks against tankers arrest tanker by Iranian armed ...

presently, conflict rules have gone beyond inflexible and purposeless physical connection factors and have approached instrumentalism and economic functions.  this evolution defined as rule utilitarianism in conflict of laws and determination of applicable law to product liability in rome ii regulations in this manner.  protection of consumers in this category has been said to be the foundation...

introduction: to draw a general picture of the current iranian-law and shiah fiqh position as to the assisted reproduction: -whether allowed or not, - and, to show how and what changes could occur in this field. materials and methods: examination of the iranian legislation and judicial decisions, consideration of jurisprudential verdicts of the eminent shiah jurists and interpretation of the or...

the protection of creditors and making suitable security for their rights will result in their trust for the investment and will lead to the briskness of the trade and economic growth. one of the most important problems is the protection of creditors against contracts that debtors conclude them with the intention of escape from the payment of their debts. in this study the validity of these con...

there are two historical paradigms in iranian family law: love law and libido law. understanding the two approaches is possible by thinking on the four categories of love: 1. libido: the passion of life and manifestation of sexual drive. 2.eros: the romantic love and the genuine material of poem and literature. 3.philia: the mere love purified from libido. 4. agape: the spiritual love in mystic...