this study aimed at investigating the english textese of iranian efl learners by scrutinizing the linguistic features through a qualitative design. in doing so, 700 messages were collected from 43 ma iranian efl learners of both genders. the features were categorized and analyzed calculating the frequency and percentage. the findings of the study showed that iranian efl students used different ...

In our previous research a linear readability formula was developed through a series of multiple regression analyses using four independent variables: (1) sentence length, (2) word length, (3) textbook-based word difficulty and (4) textbook-based idiom difficulty, and one dependent variable: year level of EFL textbook. The present study attempts to develop a new readability formula that include...

Proper coordination of oogenesis, ovulation, and fertilization is essential for successful reproduction. In Caenorhabditis elegans, a strong loss-of-function mutation in dpl-1, which encodes a subunit of the E2F heterodimeric transcription factor EFL-1/DPL-1, causes severe defects during ovulation and fertilization. Here we demonstrate that the somatic gonad structure and sheath cell contractio...

This study examined the relationship among foreign language enjoyment (FLE), second L2 grit, online learning self-efficacy (OLSE), and engagement Iranian English as a (EFL) learners. The involved 578 EFL learners who completed self-report measures of four constructs. Confirmatory factor analysis structural equation modeling were employed to confirm validity scales test hypothesized model. findi...

This study examined the role of output-first presentation of vocabulary tasks in noticing lexical items and enhancing vocabulary knowledge of EFL learners. The participants were 103 elementary level female Iranian EFL learners who were randomly divided into three groups: input-only, inputoutput, and output-input groups. After all participants took a placement test and a vocabulary pretest, the ...