OBJECTIVES This article sought to review and compare data of major earthquakes of the past decade and their aftermath in order to compare the magnitude, death toll, type of injuries, management procedures, extent of destruction and effectiveness of relief efforts. MATERIALS AND METHODS A retrospective study of the various aspects of management and aftermath of 5 major earthquakes of the past ...

Background & objectives: Environmental standards are quantitative criteria for protecting the environment from pollution and degradation. One of the solutions to improve air quality status is to use reasonable limits to prevent excessive release of airborne contaminants from their various sources. On the other hand, these standards are effective in evaluating air pollution reduction strategies....

The 2022 winter was the most polluted season of Tehran in past five years. is rated as one world’s cities World Air Quality Index (AQI) Ranking. pollution Iran’s big consequence several economic, technological, management, and socio-cultural factors. But how important currency exchange rate? Since Iranian revolution 1979, country has been subjected to sanctions imposed by a varied international...

Abstract In the 1960s and 1970s, Iranian officials embraced natural gas as a new energy source for their rapidly industrializing society, seeing it readily available substitute lucrative oil products country's citizens were consuming in increasing amounts. Reacting to growing concentrations of smoke haze cities, unable alter mountainous terrain semiarid climate that intensified them, seemingly ...

Background: In addition to gas pollutants, many chemicals and air pollutants are in the form of particulate matter. Particulate matter consists of a complex mixture of variable sized particles and physicochemical composition. These particles mainly contain minerals including Fe, Al, Ca, K, Cu, Ti, Mn, Ni, V and their size, chemical composition and concentration are important to assess ...

On 9 April 2013, an earthquake of 6.1 magnitude hit southwestern Iran near the city of Khvormuj and the towns of Kaki and Shonbeh in Bushehr province. The official disaster mitigation committee took immediate actions to coordinate rescue teams equipped with 24-hour medical air assistance. Overall, 160 victims were transferred to and treated in the Khvormuj hospital, while 139 survivors were tra...

To investigate whether leaves of plane trees (Platanus orientalis) are damaged by traffic pollution, trees from a megacity (Mashhad, Iran) and a rural area were investigated. Soil and air from the urban centre showed enrichment of several toxic elements, but only lead was enriched in leaves. Leaf size and stomata density were lower at the urban site. At the urban site leaf surfaces were heavily...

The air temperature is an essential variable in many applications related to Earth science. Sporadic spatial distribution of weather stations causes a low spatial resolution of measured air temperatures. This study focused on modeling the air diurnal temperature cycle (DTC) based on the land surface temperature (LST) DTC. The air DTC model parameters were estimated from LST DTC model parameters...

The main objective of Present study is based on meteorological variables to estimate monthly Global Solar Radiation (GSR) on a horizontal surface. Monthly mean of maximum air temperature, relative humidity, sunshine hours and wind speed values between 1974 and 2008 for Tehran city in Iran (35_41N, 51_19E), are used in this study. In order to investigate the effect of each meteorological variabl...