1 Reagents and instruments FeCl3, anhydrous AlCl3, β-D-glucose, maltose, R-lactose and D-fructose were obtained from Beijing Chemical Reagent Company (Beijing, China), and the carbohydrate solutions were left at room temperature for 24 h before use. Al foil tape and conductive carbon ink were purchased commercially. Ru(bpy)3Cl6·6H2O, Luminol and glucose oxidase (from Aspergillus niger, GOx) wer...

background: oligodendrocytes, the myelinating glial cells of central nervous system, are highly vulnerable to ischemic‑induced excitotoxic insult, a phenomenon in which calcium overload triggers cell death. berberine is an alkaloid extracted from medicinal herbs as coptidis rhizoma with several pharmacological effects like inhibition of neuronal apoptosis in cerebral ischemia. methods: we exami...

in this paper, we define the common minimal common neighborhooddominating signed graph (or common minimal $cn$-dominating signedgraph) of a given signed graph and offer a structuralcharacterization of common minimal $cn$-dominating signed graphs.in the sequel, we also obtained switching equivalencecharacterization: $overline{sigma} sim cmcn(sigma)$, where$overline{sigma}$ and $cmcn(sigma)$ are ...

The transdermal delivery of a wide range of high-molecular-weight drugs is limited by the stratum corneum layer of the epidermis representing a significant barrier to penetration across the skin. This study first determined the different effects of different-size ultrasound (US) contrast agents and microbubbles (MBs) for enhancing the transdermal delivery of high-molecular-weight drugs. The eff...