the ultrastructure of the cells, na+, k+-atpase activity and immunolocalization were examined in the barnchial chamber of libellula lydia (drury, 1773) larvae. na+,k+-atpase activity and localization were performed through biochemical techniques and immunofluorescence light microscopy using a mouse monoclonal antibody iggα5, respectively. the branchial chamber possesses six pair gills lamellae ...

objective: the urinary system of euryhaline fish, as well as the gills, is involved in ion regulation through the production of dilute urine in freshwater and isotonic urine in seawater. the low osmolality of the urine originates from an active reabsorption of ions by ionocytes or mitochondria rich-cells (mrcs) present in certain parts of the urinary system. mitochondria rich-cells possess a hi...

Vacuolar-Type H(+)-ATPase (V-ATPase) takes the central role in pumping H(+) through cell membranes of diverse organisms, which is essential for surviving acid-base fluctuating lifestyles or environments. In mammals, although glucose is believed to be an important energy source to drive V-ATPase, and phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PEPCK), a key enzyme for gluconeogenesis, is known to be acti...

Ectothermic vertebrates are different from mammals that are sensitive to hypothermia and have to maintain core temperature for survival. Why and how ectothermic animals survive, grow and reproduce in low temperature have been for a long time a scientifically challenging and important inquiry to biologists. We used a microarray to profile the gill transcriptome in zebrafish (Danio rerio) after e...

Regulation of plasma K(+) levels in narrow ranges is vital to vertebrate animals. Since seawater (SW) teleosts are loaded with excess K(+), they constantly excrete K(+) from the gills. However, the K(+) regulatory mechanisms in freshwater (FW)-acclimated teleosts are still unclear. We aimed to identify the possible K(+) regulatory mechanisms in the gills and kidney, the two major osmoregulatory...

Glucose, which plays a central role in providing energy for metabolism, is primarily stored as glycogen. The synthesis and degradation of glycogen are mainly initialized by glycogen synthase (GS) and glycogen phosphorylase (GP), respectively. The present study aimed to examine the glycogen metabolism in fish liver and gills during acute exposure to seawater. In tilapia (Oreochromis mossambicus)...

Experiments were performed to test the hypothesis that three members of the SLC26 anion transporter gene family (SLC26a3, A4, and A6; hereafter termed za3, za4, and za6) mediate branchial Cl(-)/HCO(3)(-) exchange in adult zebrafish (Danio rerio). Real-time RT-PCR demonstrated that the gill expressed relatively high levels of za6 mRNA; za3 and za4 mRNA, while present, were less abundant. Also, z...