This investigation evaluates the use of organic ionic salt solutions as draw solutions for specific use in osmotic membrane bioreactors. Also, this investigation presents a simple method for determining the diffusion coefficient of ionic salt solutions using only a characterized membrane. A selection of organic ionic draw solutions underwent a desktop screening process before being tested in th...

2.5 and 1.25 per cent gelatin have been titrated potentiometrically in the absence of salts and in the presence of two concentrations (0.0750 and 0.0375micro) of NaCl, MgCl(2), K(2)SO(4), and MgSO(4). The data have been used to calculate values of +/- S = v(z) - (v - 1)(z), where v(z) = v(2) - (v(2) - v) r(x)/18. The maximum and minimum values of S with NaCl were used to calculate the mean dist...

Wall-coated open-tubular (WCOT) columns provide higher column efficiency and lower solute interfacial adsorption effect than packed columns. However, previous efforts used to measure the infinite dilution activity coefficient (γ(∞)) via a chromatographic technique have used packed columns, because the low carrier gas flow rate (U) and the small stationary phase amount (n(2)) in WCOT columns rai...

Experimental data for the disjoining pressure of foam films stabilized by anionic surfactant in the presence of 1:1, 1:2, 1:3, and 2:2 electrolytes: NaCl, Na₂SO₄, Na₃Citrate, and MgSO₄ are reported. The disjoining pressure predicted by the Derjaguin-Landau-Verwey-Overbeek (DLVO) theory coincides with the experimental data in the case of a 1:1 electrolyte, but it is considerably greater than the...

A systematic study of the effects of hydrophilic ionic liquids concentration and nature (alkyl chain length and type of anion) on the activity of Candida antarctica lipase B is here reported. The increase in the concentration of the studied ionic liquids is shown to cause a decrease of the enzyme activity, but the effect is dependent on the ionic liquid used. This behavior is partially due to t...

Modeling of thermodynamic properties mixed-solvent electrolyte solutions is challenging. Reliable experimental data are essential for any model development and parametrization. In this work, a benchmark database (water + methanol/ethanol alkali halide) presented. The available mean ionic activity coefficient (MIAC) vapor–liquid equilibrium (VLE) comprehensively collected critically evaluated 61...

efficient and one-pot synthesis of 1,8-dioxo-octahydroxanthenes was described by knoevenagel condensation, michael addition and cyclodehydration of dimedone. this reaction was carried out through condensation of dimedone and various aromatic aldehydes in the presence of task-specific brønsted acidic ionic liquid under solvent free conditions. the catalyst could be recycled five times without si...