This paper describes the assembly (from commercially available components) of an antilog converter, which transforms the output signals of ion-specific electrodes to ionic concentrations suitable for a linear recorder. It responds linearly to cation concentrations from 10 mum to at least 10 mm and can be used for electrodes kept at any temperatures (0 to 50 C). The leakage of K(+) from a unicel...

The range of pH values for the blood of grasshoppers and of houseflies is 7.2 to 7.6. The range of values for roaches is 7.5 to 8.0. The range for Malacosoma americanum is 6.4 to 7.4; and the range for Bombyx mori is 6.4 to 7.2. From the work of other investigators and from the writer's results, it is apparent that the pH of insect blood, in general, may vary between 6.4 and 8.0. In the forms o...

Air-ions and radon are two atmospheric trace constituents which have two opposite effects on human health: the ions are beneficial, and radon gas is potentially lethal as it increases the risk of lung cancer. In the lower troposphere, radon is the most important generator of the air-ions. Ionization by cosmic rays and radioactive minerals is almost constant in daily cycles, and variation of air...

The Jokoo-ION 150 AC is an automatic sodium, potassium and chloride analyser which uses ion-selective electrodes.The sample mode can be whole-blood, serum or urine. To evaluate a urine sample, a previous dilution (1:6) with the standard 1 solution is required. For three concentrations of control materials, the total precision (CV) ranged from 0.17 to 1.22% for sodium, 0.22 to 1.69% for potassiu...

The concentrations of sodium, potassium, magnesium, cal cium, chloride, and phosphate were determined in Ehrlich ascites tumor cells and fluid after 5, 7, 9, and 12 days of growth. Material obtained after the 12th day showed peculiar intra cellular ion patterns, presumably related to the near-terminal condition. Material drawn after 5-9 days of growth represented viable cells. The intracellular...

Larvae of Psychoda and of Chironomus (diptera) maintained in solutions of appropriate indicators show that the typical acidities (pH) prevailing within the several regions of the digestive tract are: esophagus 7.1; cardiac chamber 6.2; mesenteron 7.5; the latter being functionally an intestine. The acidity of the hindgut, pH 6.4, is due to the discharge of the malphigian tubules.

Aequorin is a photoprotein which emits light in response to changes in free calcium concentration. When aequorin was microinjected into plasmodia of Physarum polycephalum, light emission varied in synchrony with the motile oscillations of the organisms. Therefore, movement is correlated which changes in the concentration of free calcium.

There has been a good deal of discussion as to the digestive and absorptive functions respectively pertaining to the several divisions of the intestinal tract of insects. The actual acidifies prevailing in the various regions of the gut are of special moment. Among other points of interest, questions arise as to the conditions of enzyme activity within the gut, and as to the possible r61e of su...

For control and estimation tasks in battery management systems, the benchmark Li-ion cell electrochemical pseudotwo-dimensional (P2D) model is often reduced to the Single Particle Model (SPM). The original SPM consists of two electrodes approximated as spherical particles with spatially distributed Li-ion concentration. However, the Li-ion concentration states in these two-electrode models are ...

Unprecedented demands for uniformity, throughput, anisotropy, and damage control in submicron pattern transfer are spurring development of new, low pressure, high charge density plasma reactors, Wafer biasing, independent of plasma production in these new systems is intended to provide improved ion flux and energy control so that selectivity can be optimized and damage can be minimized. However...