Based on behavioral studies, several relatively distinct perceptual and cognitive functions have been defined in cognitive psychology such as sensory memory, short-term memory, and selective attention. Here, we review evidence suggesting that some of these functions may be supported by shared underlying neuronal mechanisms. Specifically, we present, based on an integrative review of the literat...

We structurally estimate a model of occupational choice between wage work and entrepreneurship which allows for ‘involuntary entrepreneurship’ (running business out necessity). Involuntary entrepreneurs would earn higher income as workers but cannot access job because labor market frictions. Using Thai urban household data, we the share involuntary 19% all businesses in our sample, with robustn...

We propose that voluntary and involuntary attention affect different mechanisms and have different consequences for performance measured in reaction time. Voluntary attention enhances the perceptual representation whereas involuntary attention affects the tendency to respond to stimuli in one location or another. In a spatial-cueing paradigm, we manipulated perceptual difficulty and compared vo...

Voluntary’ and ‘Involuntary’ Early Retirement: An International Analysis Recent literature makes a distinction between 'voluntary' and 'involuntary' early retirement, where 'involuntary' early retirement results from employment constraints rather than from a preference for leisure relative to work. This paper analyzes 'voluntary' and 'involuntary' early retirement based on international microda...

Sir,?As Captain Duer suggests i" the Indian Medical Gazette, October 1901, it would interest us much to hear more from our experienced operators of the cause of this accident of involuntary iridectomy. I have often wondered why more has not been said about it. When it has happened to me I have always put it down to want of skill. Perhaps it has been so. I do not believe that it is always due to...

Sir,?I must plead guilty to having performed many iridectomies unintentionally, and at the same time point out the cause of this little accident in most of my cases. This was a "bellying" of the blade of the Grafe's knife. If instead of the knife being, except at the point, of equal thickness and width there be a " belly " or greater width in the forepart of the blade, leaving the part near the...

BACKGROUND Involuntary treatment is a key issue in healthcare ethics. In this study, ethical issues relating to involuntary psychiatric treatment are investigated through interviews with Swedish psychiatrists. METHODS In-depth interviews were conducted with eight Swedish psychiatrists, focusing on their experiences of and views on compulsory treatment. In relation to this, issues about patien...

BACKGROUND Previous research on mental health care has shown considerable differences in use of seclusion, restraint and involuntary medication among different wards and geographical areas. This study investigates to what extent use of seclusion, restraint and involuntary medication for involuntary admitted patients in Norwegian acute psychiatric wards is associated with patient, staff and ward...

The United Nations estimates that 79% of teenage girls trafficked globally every year are forced into involuntary prostitution. About 247 000 South African children work in exploitative conditions; about 40 000 South African female teenagers work as prostitutes. This paper investigates lifestyles and routine activities of teenagers at risk of being trafficked for involuntary prostitution. The k...