This paper examines variation in old-age income inequality between industrialized nations with modern welfare systems. The analysis of income inequality across countries with different retirement income systems provides a perspective on public pension policy choices and designs within a country and their distributional implications. Because of the progressive nature of public pension programs, ...

Previous research has shown that the UK low levels of financial literacy by international standards, particularly among those in lower socio-economic groups. This may have an impact upon young people, with social inequalities attitudes, behaviours and skills perpetuating across generations. Using parent-child linked survey data from 3,745 families, we find sizeable people’s capabilities, aspect...

We give bounds on the difference between weighted arithmetic mean and geometric mean. These imply refined Young inequalities reverses of inequality. also study some properties Applying newly obtained inequalities, we show results Tsallis divergence, R\'{e}nyi Jeffreys-Tsallis divergence Jensen-Shannon-Tsallis divergence.

Parents play major roles in determining the human capital of children, and thus the income of children when they become adults. Models of investments in children’s human capital posit that these investments are determined by parental resources (financial and human capital) and child endowments within particular market and policy environments. Many empirical studies are consistent with significa...